Genetic Order of the Galactose Structural Genes in
            <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Bassel, John; Mortimer, Robert

doi:10.1128/jb.108.1.179-183.1971

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, an upstream repressive sequence localizes transcription factors that reduce transcription rate [14]. Promoter regulation (induction or repression dependent on varying conditions) is also a result of transcription factor‐mediated interactions in the enhancer element [33–36]. Promoter engineering techniques alter both core and enhancer elements to modulate overall promoter expression capacity.…”

Section: Overview Of Promoter Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In yeast, strong endogenous constitutive promoters (including P TEF [55], P HXT7 [56], and P GPD [57, 58]) or galactose‐inducible promoters [33, 59] are typically employed for metabolic engineering purposes [60, 61]. Similar to the case of E. coli discussed above, these promoters have enabled metabolic engineering successes in yeast.…”

Section: Examples Of Promoter Selection In Metabolic Engineering Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoter engineering: Recent advances in controlling transcription at the most fundamental level

Blazeck

Alper

2012

Biotechnology Journal

295

234

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Synthetic control of gene expression is critical for metabolic engineering efforts. Specifically, precise control of key pathway enzymes (heterologous or native) can help maximize product formation. The fundamental level of transcriptional control takes place at promoter elements that drive gene expression. Endogenous promoters are limited in that they do not fully sample the complete continuum of transcriptional control, and do not maximize the transcription levels achievable within an organism. To address this issue, several attempts at promoter engineering have shown great promise both in expanding the cell-wide transcriptional capacity of an organism and in enabling tunable levels of gene expression. Thus, this review highlights the recent advances and approaches for altering gene expression control at the promoter level. Furthermore, we propose that recent advances in the understanding of transcription factors and their DNA-binding sites will enable rational and predictive control of gene expression.

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Section: Overview Of Promoter Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examples Of Promoter Selection In Metabolic Engineering Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoter engineering: Recent advances in controlling transcription at the most fundamental level

Blazeck

Alper

2012

Biotechnology Journal

295

234

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“…A large variety of regulated native or engineered promoters have been successfully used to control the gene expression in S. cerevisiae. The most tightly regulated native promoters are from the galactose-inducible S. cerevisiae genes GAL1, GAL7, and GAL10 (Douglas & Hawthorne, 1964;Bassel & Mortimer, 1971). These promoters are induced approximately 1000-fold in the presence of galactose and strongly repressed in the presence of glucose (Adams, 1972).…”

Section: Regulated Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and expression of genes for metabolic engineering applications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2012

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Metabolic pathway engineering in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to improved production of a wide range of compounds, ranging from ethanol (from biomass) to natural products such as sesquiterpenes. The introduction of multienzyme pathways requires precise control over the level and timing of expression of the associated genes. Gene number and promoter strength/regulation are two critical control points, and multiple studies have focused on modulating these in yeast. This MiniReview focuses on methods for introducing genes and controlling their copy number and on the many promoters (both constitutive and inducible) that have been successfully employed. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods will be presented, and applications to pathway engineering will be highlighted.

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“…Specifically, two main types of promoter elements are required: (i) a series of constitutive promoters exhibiting a dynamic range of expression capacities and (ii) well‐controlled inducible systems with defined expression outputs. This capacity has largely been amassed through the isolation and characterization of numerous native promoters (Bassel and Mortimer, 1971; Gatignol et al, 1990; Guarente, 1983; Guarente et al, 1984; Holland and Holland, 1978, 1980; Lu and Jeffries, 2007; Reifenberger et al, 1995; Ro et al, 2006; Sun et al, 2012; Walfridsson et al, 1995; Wisselink et al, 2007). More recently, synthetic promoter libraries have been developed for fine‐tuned transcriptional control in constitutive (Alper et al, 2005; Nevoigt et al, 2006) and inducible manners (Gari et al, 1997; Jeppsson et al, 2003; Li et al, 2008; Murphy et al, 2007; Nevoigt et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling promoter strength and regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using synthetic hybrid promoters

Blazeck

Garg

Reed

et al. 2012

Biotech & Bioengineering

263

248

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A dynamic range of well-controlled constitutive and tunable promoters are essential for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications in all host organisms. Here, we apply a synthetic hybrid promoter approach for the creation of strong promoter libraries in the model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Synthetic hybrid promoters are composed of two modular components-the enhancer element, consisting of tandem repeats or combinations of upstream activation sequences (UAS), and the core promoter element. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with three main case studies. First, we establish a dynamic range of constitutive promoters and in doing so expand transcriptional capacity of the strongest constitutive yeast promoter, P(GPD) , by 2.5-fold in terms of mRNA levels. Second, we demonstrate the capacity to impart synthetic regulation through a hybrid promoter approach by adding galactose activation and removing glucose repression. Third, we establish a collection of galactose-inducible hybrid promoters that span a nearly 50-fold dynamic range of galactose-induced expression levels and increase the transcriptional capacity of the Gal1 promoter by 15%. These results demonstrate that promoters in S. cerevisiae, and potentially all yeast, are enhancer limited and a synthetic hybrid promoter approach can expand, enhance, and control promoter activity.

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Genetic Order of the Galactose Structural Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cited by 69 publications

References 8 publications

Promoter engineering: Recent advances in controlling transcription at the most fundamental level

Promoter engineering: Recent advances in controlling transcription at the most fundamental level

Introduction and expression of genes for metabolic engineering applications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Controlling promoter strength and regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using synthetic hybrid promoters

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