Genetic Mosaics and Plant Improvement

Marcotrigiano, Michael; Gradziel, Thomas M.

doi:10.1002/9780470650097.ch3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Considering that a chimeric plant is a mosaic with genetically different cells existing in the SAM (Marcotrigiano, 1997a), Chimera 3 apical meristem, when anatomically analyzed, did not showed size difference between layers. That is coherent when ploidy level difference is evaluated (only one set of chromosomes, i.e., 1n).…”

Section: Stem Apical Meristemmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Shoot apical meristems (SAMs), petioles and leaf blades were analyzed to help determine the layer genotype of the chimera considering meristem organization in 3 independent layers: L1 (outermost layer), L2 (next layer) and L3 (inner layer) (Marcotrigiano, 1997a). SAMs longitudinal sections, leaf blade surface and transversal sections of petioles and roots were analyzed.…”

Section: Anatomical Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production

Bomfim

Nassar

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Plant periclinal chimeras are genotypic mosaics arranged concentrically. Trials to produce them to combine different species have been done, but pratical results have not been achieved. We report for the second time the development of a very productive interspecific periclinal chimera in cassava. It has very large edible roots up to 14 kg per plant at one year old compared to 2-3 kg in common varieties. The epidermal tissue formed was from Manihot esculenta cultivar UnB 032, and the subepidermal and internal tissue from the wild species, Manihot fortalezensis. We determined the origin of tissues by meiotic and mitotic chromosome counts, plant anatomy and morphology. Epidermal features displayed useful traits to deduce tissue origin: cell shape and size, trichome density and stomatal length. Chimera roots had a wholly tuberous and edible constitution with smaller starch granule size and similar distribution compared to cassava. Root size enlargement might have been due to an epigenetic effect. These results suggest a new line of improved crop based on the development of interspecific chimeras composed of different combinations of wild and cultivated species. It promises boosting cassava production through 820

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Section: Stem Apical Meristemmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Anatomical Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production

Bomfim

Nassar

2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Chimeras usually arise from spontaneous or induced earlystage somatic mutations of the shoot meristem. If a mutant cell lineage stabilizes in any of the histogenic layers, this mutant condition is perpetuated in all lateral shoot outgrowth from the chimeral meristem (Stewart et al 1972;Tilney-Bassett 1986;Poethig 1989;Marcotrigiano 1990;Marcotrigiano and Gradziel 1997;Burge et al 2002;Hartmann et al 2002). During shoot and tuber differentiation from the shoot meristem, the epidermis (and periderm) are derived from the outer tunica layer (L 1 ), the cortex and germ cells from the inner tunica layer (L 2 ), and the vascular ring and pith from the corpus (L 3 ; Dermen 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…During shoot and tuber differentiation from the shoot meristem, the epidermis (and periderm) are derived from the outer tunica layer (L 1 ), the cortex and germ cells from the inner tunica layer (L 2 ), and the vascular ring and pith from the corpus (L 3 ; Dermen 1960). Plants with mutated outer and/or inner tunica layer (s) (L 1 and/or L 2 ) , with the corpus wild-type, are called periclinal or "hand-in-glove" chimeras (Asseyeva 1931;Dermen 1960;Howard 1961;Marcotrigiano and Gradziel 1997;Hartmann et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Periclinal Chimeral Status of New Brunswick ‘Russet Burbank’ Potato

et al. 2008

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The widely grown and important 'Russet Burbank' potato has now been almost 100 years under cultivation. 'Russet Burbank', derived from 'Burbank', is described as the classic example of a periclinal chimeral cultivar that is (by definition) a stable entity. This research investigated the chimeral status of the New Brunswick (NB) clone of 'Russet Burbank'. This was done through regeneration of somatic embryos from specific tuber tissues representing the three histogenic layers of the shoot meristem from microtubers and field tubers. Intraclones were evaluated for tuber periderm characteristics in two field seasons. Most intraclones had tubers with russet periderm regardless of tuber source tissues. The frequency of up to 4% for non-russet (wild-type) and up to 21% for patchy periderm suggests that one or more types of gene expression modification should be investigated for these phenotypic changes. Clearly, NB 'Russet Burbank' is not presently organized in a periclinal chimeral arrangement.Resumen La ampliamente cultivada e importante papa 'Russet Burbank' tiene ahora casi 100 años bajo cultivo. 'Russet Burbank', derivada de 'Burbank', es descrita como el clásico ejemplo de cultivar de quimera periclinal que es (por definición) una entidad estable. Se investigó la condición quimérica del clon de Nueva Brunswick (NB) de 'Russet Burbank'. Esto se hizo a través de la regeneración de embriones somáticos provenientes de tejidos específicos del tubérculo que representan las tres capas histogénicas del meristemo de brotes de microtubérculos y de tubérculos provenientes del campo. Los intraclones fueron evaluados para características del peridermo del tubérculo en dos temporadas de campo. La mayoría de los intraclones tuvieron tubérculos con peridermo rugoso independientemente de la procedencia del tejido del tubérculo. La frecuencia de hasta el 4% para peridermo no-rugoso (tipo silvestre) y hasta 21% para peridermo rugoso sugiere el estudio de uno o más tipos de modificaciones en la expresión génica para determinar estos cambios fenotípicos. Claramente, el NB 'Russet Burbank' no está organizado en un arreglo de quimera periclinal.

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“…In plants, chimeras commonly form as a result of naturally occurring or induced mutations in the meristems (Klekowski et al 1985;Marcotrigiano and Gradziel 1997). The chimeral meristematic cells multiply forming layers or sections of genotypically variable tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Color, Scab Sensitivity and Field Performance of Lines Derived from Spontaneous Chimeras of Red Norland Potato

2011

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On the Canadian prairies consumers favor redskinned potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), with Red Norland representing the most widely grown red-skinned cultivar. However, the skin color of Red Norland is not as red as desired, particularly after extended storage. In 2004 three Red Norland tubers which appeared to have zones of darker skin color were discovered. Plants were grown from sprouts taken from both the light and dark colored zones of these tubers. The change in skin color was stable through several generations of vegetative propagation; otherwise the plants and tubers were comparable to Red Norland. This suggests that the color change was due to a chimeral mutation in the epidermis. In field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 over 30 lines derived from the chimeral tubers were assessed for skin color, yields, tuber conformation and sensitivity to common (Streptomyces scabies) and powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea). Lines with acceptable yield and tuber configuration as well as enhanced scab resistance and/or superior red skin color were evaluated in replicated trials conducted from 2007 to 2009. Several lines were identified that had superior red skin color relative to Red Norland, while other lines appeared more resistant to common scab than Red Norland. Yield potential of the selected lines was comparable to Red Norland and when adjusted for grade out due to excessive common scab, yields of several of the chimeral lines were superior to Red Norland. This study suggests that chimeras may represent a method for rapid, low cost improvement of skin color and common scab resistance of potato, while maintaining desirable agronomic characteristics.Resumen En las praderas canadienses, los consumidores favorecen las papas rojas (Solanum tuberosum), con Red Norland representando a la variedad de piel roja más ampliamente sembrada. No obstante, el color de la piel de Red Norland no es tan rojo como se quisiera, particularmente después de un almacenamiento prolongado. En 2004 se descubrieron tres tubérculos de Red Norland que parecían tener zonas de un color de piel más oscuro. Se cultivaron plantas desde brotes tomados de ambas zonas de estos tubérculos, la del color ligero y la del oscuro. El cambio en el color de la piel fue estable a lo largo de varias generaciones de propagación vegetativa; de manera que las plantas y los tubérculos fueron comparables a Red Norland. Esto sugiere que el cambio de color fue debido a una mutación quimérica en la epidermis. En ensayos de campo conducidos en 2005 y 2006 se evaluaron más de 30 líneas derivadas de los tubérculos quiméricos para color de piel, rendimiento, conformación de tubérculo y susceptibilidad a la roña común (Streptomyces scabies) y a la roña polvorienta (Spongospora subterránea). Se evaluaron lín-eas con rendimiento aceptable y configuración de tubér-culo, así como con aumento en resistencia a la roña y/o con color de cáscara roja superior, en ensayos con repeticiones conducidos en 2007-2009. Se identificaron varias líneas que tuvieron color de piel roja superio...

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Genetic Mosaics and Plant Improvement

Cited by 9 publications

References 161 publications

Development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production

Development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production

Periclinal Chimeral Status of New Brunswick ‘Russet Burbank’ Potato

Skin Color, Scab Sensitivity and Field Performance of Lines Derived from Spontaneous Chimeras of Red Norland Potato

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