Genetic monitors of zoo populations: Morphological and electrophoretic assays

Wayne, Robert K.; Forman, Lisa; Newman, Andrea K.; Simonson, Janice M.; O’Brien, Stephen J.

doi:10.1002/zoo.1430050215

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Per cent of polymorphic loci range from P =00 (Pemberton and Smith, 1986) to P = 0020 (this study). Although samples from different geographic populations or the analysis of a larger set of loci, could possibly reveal more genetic variation, European fallow deer appears to belong to the bunch of nearly monomorphic large mammals (Waine et a!., 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low biochemical variability in European fallow deer (dama dama L.): natural bottlenecks and the effects of domestication

Randi

Apollonio

1988

Heredity

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Tissue and blood samples from 180 fallow deer (Dama dama L.) belonging to an Italian free-ranging population were studied for biochemical variability by means of cellulose acetate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 51 putative genetic loci successfully resolved showed a very low level of variability (P = 0020, H = 0.006) in accordance with previously reported data on British and West German populations. That low biochemical polymorphism in European fallow deer populations is discussed taking into account the effects of natural bottlenecks and of domestication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low biochemical variability in European fallow deer (dama dama L.): natural bottlenecks and the effects of domestication

Randi

Apollonio

1988

Heredity

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“…A common explanation for genetic uniformity is a history of inbreeding, which can eliminate normal genetic variation at a rapid rate. In several observed cases, inbreeding also causes deleterious physiological effects termed inbreeding depression, which include increased juvenile mortality (3)(4)(5), morphological asymmetry (6,7), reproductive impairments (3,8), and increased population susceptibility to pathogens (9)(10)(11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA variation of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex reflects genomic diversity and population history.

Yuhki

O’Brien

1990

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

163

112

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a multigene complex of tightly linked homologous genes that encode cell surface antigens that play a key role in immune regulation and response to foreign antigens. In most species, MHC gene products display extreme antigenic polymorphism, and their variability has been interpreted to reflect an adaptive strategy for accommodating rapidly evolving infectious agents that periodically afflict natural populations. Determination of the extent of MHC variation has been limited to populations in which skin grafting is feasible or for which serological reagents have been developed. We present here a quantitative analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism ofMHC class I genes in several mammalian species (cats, rodents, humans) known to have very different levels of genetic diversity based on functional MHC assays and on allozyme surveys. When homologous class I probes were employed, a notable concordance was observed between the extent of MIC restriction fragment variation and functional MHC variation detected by skin grafts or genome-wide diversity estimated by allozyme screens. These results confirm the genetically depauperate character of the African cheetah, Acinonyxjubatus, and the Asiatic lion, Panthera leo persica; further, they support the use of class I MHC molecular reagents in estimating the extent and character of genetic diversity in natural populations.

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“…Soule et al 1973, Berry andJakobson 1975). The results of comparisons of both non-metric (meristic) and metric variability with allozyme heterozygosity in a number of animals have made this hypothesis a very controversial issue (see Schnell and Selander 1981, Mitton and Grant 1984, Wayne et al 1986, Yezerinac et al 1992, for reviews). There is still the question as to what extent morphological variation reflects additive genetic variation or is attributable to developmental noise, and whether there is a difference in this respect between taxa (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the European hare. 47. An integrative analysis of genetic differentiation in the brown hare Lepus europaeus based on morphology, allozymes, and mitochondrial DNA

Hartl¹,

Suchentrunk²,

Nadlinger³

et al. 1993

Acta Theriol.

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A total of 469 brown hares Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 from 20 sampling sites in Austria were examined for genetic diversity within and among populations by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Fourteen out of 54 presumptive structural loci were polymorphic, one of which was excluded from further population genetic analyses due to the occurrence of a null-allele. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci (P) was 15.3% (SD 2.2%), and mean expected average heterozygosity (H e) was 4.6% (SD 0.5%). Both relative (FST = 5.4%) and absolute (mean Nei's 1978 D = 0.0016, SD 0.0016) genetic differentiation among populations were low, suggesting a generally high level of migration. Cluster analysis revealed some separation of brown hare populations in western and northern Austria from those in the east and in the south. In 131 individuals, mtDNA was digested with a battery of 16 restriction endonucleases. Besides the standard type I which occurred exclusively in most of the populations, five additional haplotypes, each of them deviating from type I by one base pair substitution , were detected. Together with rare alleles at allozyme loci, the distribution of variant haplotypes corroborated the spatial pattern obtained by allozyme distances and suggested considerable immigration of brown hares from the adjacent countries in the east and south. Twenty non-metric skull traits were scored in 443 individuals. Character variants were dichotomized (0/1) and the respective frequencies were used to calculate C. A. B. Smith's 'mean measure of divergence' (MMD) among five population groups. Morphological differentiation was in accordance with the major population genetic pattern as revealed by molecular techniques. MtDNA variation (nucleon diversity, nucleotide diversity) and morphological variation (mean of SD in single characters) within populations were not significantly associated with one another, and did not show a relationship with indices of genetic variation obtained by allozyme analysis. These findings suggest that variability in only one of these characters cannot be considered representative for overall gene pool diversity within populations.

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Genetic monitors of zoo populations: Morphological and electrophoretic assays

Cited by 29 publications

References 75 publications

Low biochemical variability in European fallow deer (dama dama L.): natural bottlenecks and the effects of domestication

Low biochemical variability in European fallow deer (dama dama L.): natural bottlenecks and the effects of domestication

DNA variation of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex reflects genomic diversity and population history.

Studies on the European hare. 47. An integrative analysis of genetic differentiation in the brown hare Lepus europaeus based on morphology, allozymes, and mitochondrial DNA

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