Genetic monitoring in forests - early warning and controlling system for ecosystemic changes

Konnert, Monika; Maurer, W.; Деген, Бернд; Kätzel, Ralf

doi:10.3832/ifor0571-004

Cited by 20 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Population demography, as well as fitness, can be assessed by simple field estimations and basic experiments in a straightforward manner. Therefore, besides demographic conditions, two important parameters at the local population level, selection and genetic diversity (the latter at an indirect level), can be assessed (Aravanopoulos, 2011;Konnert et al, 2011).…”

Section: Aggregated Indicator 1: Trends In Species and Population Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent rapid development of molecular marker techniques has greatly facilitated the identification of state indicators at the level of the management unit of identified priority species (Schwartz et al, 2007;Laikre et al, 2008;Geburek et al, 2010;Luikart et al, 2010;Aravanopoulos, 2011;Konnert et al, 2011;Stetz et al, 2011;Hansen et al, 2012;Funk et al, 2012). Such techniques are available at the scientific level and within reach at a practical level, at least where facilities are available.…”

Section: Aggregated Indicator 3: Trends In Knowledge Of Genetic Divermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests

Graudal

Aravanopoulos

Bennadji

et al. 2014

Forest Ecology and Management

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a b s t r a c tThere is a general trend of biodiversity loss at global, regional, national and local levels. To monitor this trend, international policy processes have created a wealth of indicators over the last two decades. However, genetic diversity indicators are regrettably absent from comprehensive bio-monitoring schemes. Here, we provide a review and an assessment of the different attempts made to provide such indicators for tree genetic diversity from the global level down to the level of the management unit. So far, no generally accepted indicators have been provided as international standards, nor tested for their possible use in practice. We suggest that indicators for monitoring genetic diversity and dynamics should be based on ecological and demographic surrogates of adaptive diversity as well as genetic markers capable of identifying genetic erosion and gene flow. A comparison of past and present genecological distributions (patterns of genetic variation of key adaptive traits in the ecological space) of selected species is a realistic way of assessing the trend of intra-specific variation, and thus provides a state indicator of tree genetic diversity also able to reflect possible pressures threatening genetic diversity. Revealing benefits of genetic diversity related to ecosystem services is complex, but current trends in plantation performance offer the possibility of an indicator of benefit. Response indicators are generally much easier to define, because recognition and even quantification of, e.g. research, education, breeding, conservation, and regulation actions and programs are relatively straightforward. Only state indicators can reveal genetic patterns and processes, which are fundamental for maintaining genetic diversity. Indirect indicators of pressure, benefit, or response should therefore not be used independently of state indicators. A coherent set of indicators covering diversity-productivity-knowledge-management based on the genecological approach is proposed for application on appropriate groups of tree species in the wild and in cultivation worldwide. These indicators realistically reflect the state, trends and potentials of the world's tree genetic resources to support sustainable growth. The state of the genetic diversity will be based on trends in species population distribution and diversity patterns for selected species. The productivity of the genetic resource of trees in current use will reflect the possible potential of mobilizing the resource further. Trends in knowledge will underpin the potential capacity for development of the resource and current management of the genetic resource itself will reveal how well we are actually doing and where improvements are required.

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Section: Aggregated Indicator 1: Trends In Species and Population Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aggregated Indicator 3: Trends In Knowledge Of Genetic Divermentioning

confidence: 99%

Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests

Graudal

Aravanopoulos

Bennadji

et al. 2014

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Genetic monitoring which has been defined as "tracking of temporal changes in the genetic variation and structure of tree populations" is the only way to verify how well genetic diversity is maintained over time, and how this diversity is affected by climate change and forest management practices [23]. According to Fussi et al [26], there is a lack of experience regarding the evaluation of potential changes between assessments of genetic parameters (repeated genetic analysis of the same population in certain time intervals), although some ideas have been postulated, including the comparison to reference stands [27], interpretation of time series of genetic data [28], and comparison of different generations within stands [29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Its Spatial Distribution in Self-Regenerating Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Stands

Verbylaitė

Pliūra

Lygis

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:Tree genetic diversity is among the most important factors determining the sustainability of forest ecosystems. The main aim of the present study was to track possible changes in genetic diversity of regenerating populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in areas subjected either to a natural disturbance (windthrows and subsequent clear-cutting of the affected spruce stand) or to a changed land-use legacy (pine regeneration on abandoned agricultural land) with the aim of testing whether the new forest generation retains the genetic diversity of the putative maternal stand. Eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to reveal the genetic diversity and its spatial distribution in the studied tree populations. Self-regenerating juveniles of Norway spruce and Scots pine were spatially random and as genetically diverse as in the putative maternal populations. Genetic differentiation between putatively maternal trees and regenerating juveniles was low for both species. A high genetic diversity and random spatial genetic structure revealed in the regenerating populations provides a basis for the formation of evolutionary and ecologically sound stands able to adapt to ever-changing climatic conditions. Information on the genetic dynamics of the studied natural populations of long-lived coniferous tree species may be important for evaluating possible changes in genetic diversity at a local scale following forest ecosystem disturbances and changes in land-use legacies.

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“…In Germany, the Expert Group on the "Conservation of forest genetic resources" formulated a "Concept on a genetic monitoring for forest tree species in the Federal Republic of Germany" [27]. This FGM concept was first tested in a pilot study for two model species: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) [28], followed by other projects developing, testing, and implementing FGM: the FP7 project "FORGER" was partly focused on the development of FGM protocols [29], the Working Group on Genetic Monitoring within "EUFORGEN" developed a simplified concept of genetic monitoring [26], the Horizon 2020 project "GenTree" is currently testing genetic monitoring in four species (Fagus sylvatica L., Populus nigra L., Pinus silvestris L., Taxus baccata L.) [30], and the LIFE+ project "LIFEGENMON" [31] is the first implementation project testing indicators and verifiers for FGM to find the optimal combination given the questions asked and the means available at an international scale. On the national level, in Germany, the project "GenMon" has been establishing a network of FGM plots for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) (10 FGM plots) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) (14 FGM plots) since 2016 [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay between Forest Management Practices, Genetic Monitoring, and Other Long-Term Monitoring Systems

Kavaliauskas

Fussi

Westergren

et al. 2018

Forests

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The conservation and sustainable use of forests and forest genetic resources (FGR) is a challenging task for scientists and foresters. Forest management practices can affect diversity on various levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem. Understanding past natural disturbance dynamics and their level of dependence on human disturbances and management practices is essential for the conservation and management of FGR, especially in the light of climate change. In this review, forest management practices and their impact on genetic composition are reviewed, synthesized, and interpreted in the light of existing national and international forest monitoring schemes and concepts from various European projects. There is a clear need and mandate for forest genetic monitoring (FGM), while the requirements thereof lack complementarity with existing forest monitoring. Due to certain obstacles (e.g., the lack of unified FGM implementation procedures across the countries, high implementation costs, large number of indicators and verifiers for FGM proposed in the past), merging FGM with existing forest monitoring is complicated. Nevertheless, FGM is of paramount importance for forestry and the natural environment in the future, regardless of the presence or existence of other monitoring systems, as it provides information no other monitoring system can yield. FGM can provide information related to adaptive and neutral genetic diversity changes over time, on a species and/or on a population basis and can serve as an early warning system for the detection of potentially harmful changes of forest adaptability. In addition, FGM offers knowledge on the adaptive potential of forests under the changing environment, which is important for the long-term conservation of FGR.

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Genetic monitoring in forests - early warning and controlling system for ecosystemic changes

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests

Global to local genetic diversity indicators of evolutionary potential in tree species within and outside forests

Genetic Diversity and Its Spatial Distribution in Self-Regenerating Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Stands

The Interplay between Forest Management Practices, Genetic Monitoring, and Other Long-Term Monitoring Systems

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