Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: V. Factors affecting circulating progesterone concentrations

Moore, S.G.; Scully, S.; Browne, John A.; Fair, Trudee; Butler, Stephanie

doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8133

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Lactating cows classified as having low progesterone concentrations in the week preceding spontaneous estrus had less P/AI than herdmates with high concentrations of progesterone during the same period (Folman et al, 1973;Fonseca et al, 1983;Meisterling and Dailey, 1987). Finally, dairy cows selected for high fertility, based on estimated breeding values, had greater progesterone concentrations during diestrus compared with contemporaneous herdmates selected against fertility traits (Moore et al, 2014). Although in many of the aforementioned studies the experimental designs did not allow for the establishment of causality, these results point out that high concentration of progesterone during follicle development is important for fertility in dairy cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Meta-analysis of progesterone supplementation during timed artificial insemination programs in dairy cows

Bisinotto

Lean²,

Thatcher

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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A systematic review of the literature was performed with the objective to evaluate the effects of progesterone supplementation using a single intravaginal insert during timed artificial insemination (AI) programs on fertility in lactating dairy cows. A total of 25 randomized controlled studies including 8,285 supplemented cows and 8,398 untreated controls were included in the meta-analysis. Information regarding the presence of corpus luteum (CL) at the initiation of the synchronization protocol was available for 6,883 supplemented cows and 6,879 untreated controls in 21 experiments. Studies were classified based on service number (first AI vs. resynchronized AI), use of presynchronization (yes vs. no), and insemination of cows in estrus during the synchronization protocol (inseminated in estrus and timed AI vs. timed AI only). Reproductive outcomes of interest were pregnancy per AI (P/AI) measured on d 32 (27 to 42) and 60 (41 to 71) after AI, and pregnancy loss between d 32 and 60 of gestation. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted and treatment effect was summarized into a pooled risk ratio with the Knapp-Hartung modification (RRK+H). The effect of moderator variables was assessed using meta-regression analyses. Progesterone supplementation increased the risk of pregnancy on d 32 [RRK+H = 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.14] and 60 after AI (RRK+H = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03-1.17). The benefit of progesterone supplementation was observed mainly in cows lacking a CL at the initiation of the timed AI program (d 60: RRK+H = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.07-1.30) rather than those with CL (d 60: RRK+H = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.99-1.12). Progesterone supplementation benefited P/AI in studies in which all cows were inseminated at timed AI (d 60: RRK+H = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.10-1.29), but not in studies in which cows could be inseminated in estrus during the timed AI program (d 60: RRK+H = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.92-1.16). Progesterone supplementation tended to reduce the risk of pregnancy loss (RRK+H = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.67-1.00). Service number and presynchronization did not influence the effect of progesterone supplementation on fertility. In summary, progesterone supplementation using a single intravaginal insert during the timed AI program increased P/AI mostly in cows without CL and reduced the risk of pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Insemination of cows in estrus during the synchronization protocol eliminated the benefit of supplemental progesterone on P/AI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Meta-analysis of progesterone supplementation during timed artificial insemination programs in dairy cows

Bisinotto

Lean²,

Thatcher

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Recent studies from our group examining the genetic merit for fertility traits have reported greater DMI and BCS, superior metabolic status and uterine health (Cummins et al, 2012a;Moore et al, 2014a;Moran et al, 2017), earlier resumption of ovarian cyclicity, and greater luteal phase circulating concentrations of progesterone (Cummins et al, 2012b;Moore et al, 2014b) in cows with good genetic merit for fertility traits compared with cows with poor genetic merit for fertility traits. The results arising from this study highlight the strong associations between fertility subindex and PTA for both calving interval and survival with reproductive performance, in agreement with Fenlon et al (2017) and Hempstalk et al (2015).…”

Section: Pta and Fertility Subindexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between postpartum phenotypes, cow factors, genetic traits, and reproductive performance in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows

Cañadas

Herlihy

Kenneally

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between corpus luteum (CL) status, uterine health, body condition score (BCS), metabolic status, parity, genetic merit for fertility traits, and reproductive performance in pasture-based dairy cows managed for seasonal reproduction. First-and second-lactation (n = 2,600) spring-calving dairy cows from 35 dairy farms located in Ireland were enrolled in the study. Farms were visited every 2 wk, and animals that were at wk 3 (range: 14-27 d in milk) and wk 7 (range: 42-55 d in milk) postpartum were examined. Body condition score was measured using a 1-to-5 scale in 0.25-point increments. Transrectal ultrasound examination was performed at wk 3 and 7 postpartum to determine presence or absence of CL and ultrasound reproductive tract score (scale of G1-G4). Blood samples were collected at each visit, and the concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and fatty acids (FA) were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetry. Animals were grouped into 3 BCS categories [low (≤2.5), target (2.75-3.25), and high (≥3.5)], 2 CL categories (present or absent), 2 uterine health status categories (normal or abnormal), and 3 metabolic status categories [good (high glucose, low FA and BHB), poor (low glucose, high FA and BHB), and moderate (all other combinations)]. Fisher's exact test was used to test for associations between variables and was supplemented by logistic regression. More cows with a CL at wk 7 were served during the first 21 d of the breeding period compared with cows without a CL. Cows classified as having a uterine score of G3 or G4 at wk 3 and 7 had lower odds of pregnancy establishment during the breeding period compared with animals with a uterine score of G1 or G2. Animals with low BCS at wk 7 had lower odds of pregnancy establishment than cows with a target BCS. Cows classified as having good metabolic status at both wk 3 and wk 7 had greater odds of pregnancy establishment during the first 21 d of the breeding season than those classified as having poor metabolic status. Overall, primiparous cows had greater reproductive performance than second-parity cows. Animals in the quartiles with the best predicted transmitting ability for survival and calving interval had better reproductive performance compared with animals in the other quartiles. Cows that had better genetic merit for fertility traits and good metabolic status, achieved target BCS, and had a favorable ultrasound reproductive tract score and a CL present at wk 7 postpartum had superior reproductive performance.

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“…"Management, nutrition, production, and genetics are the main reasons for the decline in fertility in modern dairy cows" (Chagas et al, 2007); this is related to the delayed resumption of ovarian cyclicity p.p., disarranged ovarian activity as a persistent corpus luteum and prolonged luteal phase, low progesterone and estradiol concentrations, reduced estrus behavior, metritis, low oocyte quality, and early embryonic mortality. Possible reasons for these aberrations have been discussed in several reviews and original publications: genetics (Berry et al, 2003;Berry et al, 2016;Hazel et al, 2017;Cai et al, 2019), management (Beever, 2006;Roche, 2006;van Saun & Sniffen, 2014), nutrition in general (Diskin et al, 2003;Lucy, 2003;Beever, 2006;Roche, 2006;Dann et al, 2006;Chagas et al, 2007;Friggens et al, 2010;van Saun & Sniffen, 2014;Drackley & Cardoso, 2014;Rodney et al, 2018), infection and fertility (Sheldon et al, 2009), NEB, health risks, perturbed immune function, and inflammation (Esposito et al, 2014), lipid reserves (Friggens et al, 2003), protein intake and fertility (Butler, 2000;Tamminga, 2006;Lean et al, 2012), protein and urea (Cheng et al, 2015), metabolic status and fertility (Pushpakumara et al, 2003;Wathes, 2012), "mismatch between metabolism and fertility" (Leroy et al, 2008), hormonal changes and fertility (Lucy, 2003;Santos et al, 2016), enhanced clearance of steroids in high-producing cows (Sangsritavong et al, 2002;Wiltbank et al, 2006), decreased progesterone synthetic capacity of lower corpus luteum volume (Moore et al, 2014a...…”

Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Period of the Dairy Cow Revisited: II. Homeorhetic Stimulus and Ketosis With Implication for Fertility

Martens¹

2020

JAS

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Dairy cows have been selected during the last century primarily for milk production, which has been increased by a factor 3-5 per lactation during this period without a concomitantly adequate increase of dry matter intake (DMI). This discrepancy between input and output is caused by a negative or minutely positive genetic correlation between milk yield and DMI and leads, in high-producing dairy cows in early lactation, to a severe and long-lasting negative energy balance (NEB) with distinct hormonal and metabolic alterations. Milk production during this period is regulated by homeorhesis with high priority for this trait, which is relatively uncoupled from DMI, and hence with possible restrictions of other functions. The extent and duration of the current NEB is a health risk and is probably one of the reasons for genetic correlations between milk yield and disease. The gap between input and output is closed by the mobilization of reserves characterized by a rapid increase of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) above the acute requirement, in turn leading to ectopic fat disposition in the liver and other organs. Therefore, fat liver and ketosis occur during early lactation within a phase of the priority of the homeorhetic (genetic) regulation of milk production at insufficient DMI. Ketosis is correlated with an impairment of fertility. The correlation between an early cause (ketosis) and a later effect (impaired fertility) cannot be explained satisfactorily, but possible epigenetic alterations look promising for future research. The revealed connection between homeorhesis, fat liver and ketosis, and the impairment of fertility provides an approach for discussions of these topics as a complex. The convergence between these issues should furthermore be extended to other production diseases. Since the genetic background of this interaction must not be neglected, the current breeding system should include further health traits with a predominant emphasis on parameters of metabolism and energy balance.

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Genetic merit for fertility traits in Holstein cows: V. Factors affecting circulating progesterone concentrations

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Meta-analysis of progesterone supplementation during timed artificial insemination programs in dairy cows

Meta-analysis of progesterone supplementation during timed artificial insemination programs in dairy cows

Associations between postpartum phenotypes, cow factors, genetic traits, and reproductive performance in seasonal-calving, pasture-based lactating dairy cows

Transition Period of the Dairy Cow Revisited: II. Homeorhetic Stimulus and Ketosis With Implication for Fertility

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