Genetic Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of Root System Architecture

Kitomi, Yuka; Itoh, Jun-Ichi; Uga, Yusaku

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-7461-5_14

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…The genetic improvement of root traits could be valuable to enhance acquisition of water and nutrients because these resources are heterogeneously distributed in the soil ( Hodge, 2004 ; Kitomi et al , 2018 ; Y. Li et al , 2016 ).…”

Section: Pathways To Improving Nitrogen and Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

The intersection of nitrogen nutrition and water use in plants: new paths toward improved crop productivity

Plett

Ranathunge

Melino

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

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147

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Water and nitrogen availability limit crop productivity globally more than most other environmental factors. Plant availability of macronutrients such as nitrate is, to a large extent, regulated by the amount of water available in the soil, and, during drought episodes, crops can become simultaneously water and nitrogen limited. In this review, we explore the intricate relationship between water and nitrogen transport in plants, from transpiration-driven mass flow in the soil to uptake by roots via membrane transporters and channels and transport to aerial organs. We discuss the roles of root architecture and of suberized hydrophobic root barriers governing apoplastic water and nitrogen movement into the vascular system. We also highlight the need to identify the signalling cascades regulating water and nitrogen transport, as well as the need for targeted physiological analyses of plant traits influencing water and nitrogen uptake. We further advocate for incorporation of new phenotyping technologies, breeding strategies, and agronomic practices to improve crop yield in water- and nitrogen-limited production systems.

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Section: Pathways To Improving Nitrogen and Water Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

The intersection of nitrogen nutrition and water use in plants: new paths toward improved crop productivity

Plett

Ranathunge

Melino

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

Self Cite

147

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“…Many rice genes involved in root development have already been isolated (11). LARGE ROOT ANGLE1 encoding OsPIN2 and DEFECTIVE IN OUTER CELL LAYER SPECIFICATION 1 (DOCS1) belonging to the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) subfamily, control gravitropic responses (12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Root angle modifications by the DRO1 homolog improve rice yields in saline paddy fields

Kitomi

Hanzawa

Kuya

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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158

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The root system architecture (RSA) of crops can affect their production, particularly in abiotic stress conditions, such as with drought, waterlogging, and salinity. Salinity is a growing problem worldwide that negatively impacts on crop productivity, and it is believed that yields could be improved if RSAs that enabled plants to avoid saline conditions were identified. Here, we have demonstrated, through the cloning and characterization of qSOR1 (quantitative trait locus for SOIL SURFACE ROOTING 1), that a shallower root growth angle (RGA) could enhance rice yields in saline paddies. qSOR1 is negatively regulated by auxin, predominantly expressed in root columella cells, and involved in the gravitropic responses of roots. qSOR1 was found to be a homolog of DRO1 (DEEPER ROOTING 1), which is known to control RGA. CRISPR-Cas9 assays revealed that other DRO1 homologs were also involved in RGA. Introgression lines with combinations of gain-of-function and loss-of-function alleles in qSOR1 and DRO1 demonstrated four different RSAs (ultra-shallow, shallow, intermediate, and deep rooting), suggesting that natural alleles of the DRO1 homologs could be utilized to control RSA variations in rice. In saline paddies, near-isogenic lines carrying the qSOR1 loss-of-function allele had soil-surface roots (SOR) that enabled rice to avoid the reducing stresses of saline soils, resulting in increased yields compared to the parental cultivars without SOR. Our findings suggest that DRO1 homologs are valuable targets for RSA breeding and could lead to improved rice production in environments characterized by abiotic stress.

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“…Root growth is caused by cell division and elongation. Mutant analyses revealed that genes related to cell wall growth, cell expansion, and auxin signaling are involved in the division and elongation of root cells (Kitomi et al 2018). Even though the CS genotype presented higher expression of hormone-related genes, the CT genotype presented higher expression of OsIAA2 , an auxin-responsive gene, along with a cell wall-related gene, glycosyl hydrolase (Supplementary Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OsCel9A , a rice glycosyl hydrolase family gene, plays an essential role in regulating auxin-induced lateral root primordia formation (Yoshida et al 2006). Auxin signaling is important in overall root morphogenesis/elongation (Kitomi et al 2018). A mutation in a member of the Auxin (Aux)/Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) gene family, OsIAA23 , causes defects in postembryonic quiescent center (QC) maintenance due to the disintegration of the root cap and termination of root growth, suggesting the importance of auxin in rice QC maintenance (Ni et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%