Genetic Mechanisms Enhancing Plant Biodiversity

Sinapidou, Evangelia; Tokatlidis, Ioannis S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1521-9_3

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…At the termination of breeding generations, any remaining heterozygous loci will segregate in subsequent generations leading to some degree of plant-to-plant variation (Haun et al, 2011). Additional heterogeneity might stem from de novo-generated variability resulting from spontaneous mutations (Sprague et al, 1960;Shaw et al, 2000;Ossowski et al, 2010) or novel recombination events stemming from genetic and epigenetic processes (Cullis, 1990(Cullis, , 2005Rasmusson and Phillips, 1997;Morgante et al, 2005;Peterson, 2008;Tsaftaris et al, 2008;Sinapidou and Tokatlidis, 2011).…”

Section: Sources Of Intracultivar Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A concise picture of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms leading to enhanced biodiversity in plant populations was given by Sinapidou and Tokatlidis (2011). They referred to small-scale mutations concerning the nucleotide changes within a gene and large-scale mutations pertaining to changes in the number of genes or the arrangement of the genes in a chromosome.…”

Section: Potential Response To Intracultivar Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conservation Breeding of Elite Cultivars

Tokatlidis

2015

Crop Science

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It is now well known that the genome is more flexible and plastic than previously assumed and undergoes constant remodeling and restructuring. Residual heterozygosity and molecular mechanisms that generate de novo variation may result in considerable intracultivar variation. In the long term, cultivars adopted and widely grown by farmers may lose their identity and healthiness. Nevertheless, longevity of elite cultivars is of paramount importance due to time‐consuming and costly endeavors to breed them. Therefore, an appropriate continuous intracultivar selection might be necessary to treat the breeder seed in a sustainable manner. An ultra‐spaced nursery to exclude plant‐to‐plant interference for resources (nil competition) constitutes ideal conditions for two reasons. Nil competition boosts the phenotypic expression of genetic differences so as to make selection applicable within a narrow gene pool. It also erases the masking effects in recognition of the desirable genotypes induced by the negative relationship between yielding and competitive ability. Relevant investigations into several crops have encouraged intense selection at nil competition as a useful technique either to upgrade or to avoid gradual degradation of the genetic background to maintain uniformity and secure optimal quality of breeder seed over longer periods of time. A conservation breeding strategy is presented, comprising a periodical selection round to secure breeder seed devoid of harmful alterations and consecutive selection rounds to produce prebasic seed of high quality. Beyond uniformity and sanitary status, conservation breeding will help to enhance cultivar longevity through adaptation to a continuously changing environment.

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Section: Sources Of Intracultivar Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Response To Intracultivar Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Breeding of Elite Cultivars

Tokatlidis

2015

Crop Science

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“…Genomes are highly sensitive to unusual and unexpected events and can modify themselves in response to environmental forces [8]. Additional heterogeneity might stem from de novo generated variability due to spontaneous mutations [44,45], or novel recombination events stemming from genetic and epigenetic processes [46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of New Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms leading to enhanced biodiversity are referred to as small-scale mutations in stances concerning nucleotide changes within genes, and large-scale mutations when pertaining to changes in the number of genes or the arrangement of the genes in a chromosome [49]. Active transposable elements are highly mutagenic and can cause changes at both the gene and genome level that exceed those of strong chemicals and radiation [51].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of New Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Stewardship of the Landrace Diversity

Tokatlidis

Vlachostergios

2016

Diversity

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Landraces are heterogeneous populations and their variability goes through continuous alterations because of physical, genetic, and epigenetic procedures exacerbated by the ongoing climatic changes. Appropriate stewardship of landrace diversity is pivotal to promote its longevity in a manner that is sustainable from the farming perspective. A seed multiplication procedure is presented based on the assumption that in order to improve effectiveness in resource use and increase seed productivity, landraces should comprise genotypes which minimize intra-species competition. These aforementioned genotypes should be of the "weak competitor" ideotype, which are selected so as to alleviate the interplant competition and reach as high as possible crop stand uniformity. Stand uniformity is essential to ensure the same growing conditions for each plant. Reduced intra-crop inequality and equal use of inputs by individual plants will optimize crop performance. Precisely, the "weak competitor" is most often of high yield potential due to a negative association between yielding and competitive ability. Therefore, the suggested procedure involves initial reproduction at nil-competition (widely spaced plants to preclude any plant-to-plant interference for inputs) where "off-type" and low yielding plants are omitted, followed by subsequent multiplication at dense stands. This may represent an effective cultural practice to improve also the landrace health status concerning seed-borne diseases in the absence of certification systems.

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“…Phenotypic and genotypic variation also can be enhanced as a consequence of a particular environment, under which plants are allowed to develop. For example, tissue culture imposes a stress on cultured cells and tissues [1][2][3]. Due to the dynamic nature of the genomes, stresses can trigger mechanisms that can cause modifications and genome reorganization under a variety of stress conditions leading to modifications [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensifying intrinsic genetic variation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] inbred lines

Espinosa¹

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Genetic Mechanisms Enhancing Plant Biodiversity

Cited by 3 publications

References 172 publications

Conservation Breeding of Elite Cultivars

Conservation Breeding of Elite Cultivars

Sustainable Stewardship of the Landrace Diversity

Intensifying intrinsic genetic variation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] inbred lines

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