Genetic Markers of Differential Vulnerability to Sleep Loss in Adults

Casale, Courtney; Goel, Namni

doi:10.3390/genes12091317

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…In addition, in order to propose personalized countermeasures, differences in responses associated with genetic polymorphisms should also be taken into account. Several genetic polymorphisms related to adenosine receptors ( ADORA2A ), inflammatory biomarker ( TNF-α ), or catecholamine functioning ( COMT ), have been associated with neurobehavioral resilience and vulnerability to SD ( Casale and Goel, 2021 ), and other polymorphisms related to hypoxia tolerance such as HMOX2 (implicating possible adaptive regulation of Hb levels at high altitude), and hypoxia-induced AMS such as mutations in HIF 2 ( EPAS1 ) ( Yang et al, 2016 ; Yu et al, 2016 ; Fabries et al, 2022 ). It will thus be interesting to further investigate genetic influences on the combined stressors of SD and hypoxia.…”

Section: Physiological and Cognitive Responses To Hypoxic Hypoxia Aft...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, several endogenous factors are thought to contribute to the cognitive consequences of severe sleep deficits including the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) trophic system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hormones, and cytokines ( Kreutzmann et al, 2015 ; Chennaoui et al, 2020 ). There are also genotype-dependent interindividual differences in phenotypic neurobehavioral responses to sleep deprivation or restriction ( Bodenmann et al, 2012 ; Erblang et al, 2021b ; Casale and Goel, 2021 ).…”

Section: Physiological and Cognitive Responses To Sleep Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia

et al. 2022

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In the course of their missions or training, alpinists, but also mountain combat forces and mountain security services, professional miners, aircrew, aircraft and glider pilots and helicopter crews are regularly exposed to altitude without oxygen supplementation. At altitude, humans are exposed to systemic environmental hypoxia induced by the decrease in barometric pressure (<1,013 hPa) which decreases the inspired partial pressure of oxygen (PIO2), while the oxygen fraction is constant (equal to approximately 20.9%). Effects of altitude on humans occur gradually and depend on the duration of exposure and the altitude level. From 1,500 m altitude (response threshold), several adaptive responses offset the effects of hypoxia, involving the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems, and the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. Fatigue and cognitive and sensory disorders are usually observed from 2,500 m (threshold of prolonged hypoxia). Above 3,500 m (the threshold for disorders), the effects are not completely compensated and maladaptive responses occur and individuals develop altitude headache or acute altitude illness [Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)]. The magnitude of effects varies considerably between different physiological systems and exhibits significant inter-individual variability. In addition to comorbidities, the factors of vulnerability are still little known. They can be constitutive (genetic) or circumstantial (sleep deprivation, fatigue, speed of ascent.). In particular, sleep loss, a condition that is often encountered in real-life settings, could have an impact on the physiological and cognitive responses to hypoxia. In this review, we report the current state of knowledge on the impact of sleep loss on responses to environmental hypoxia in humans, with the aim of identifying possible consequences for AMS risk and cognition, as well as the value of behavioral and non-pharmacological countermeasures.

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Section: Physiological and Cognitive Responses To Hypoxic Hypoxia Aft...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Cognitive Responses To Sleep Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia

et al. 2022

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“…In other words, some people appear to be inherently more susceptible to the adverse effects of insufficient sleep than others. This trait-like vulnerability appears to have some genetic basis (Goel et al, 2011 ; Casale and Goel, 2021 ) but has often been difficult to characterize through behavioral metrics. However, an early study by Taylor and colleagues showed that individuals high in the trait of extraversion tended to be more vulnerable to the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance (Taylor and Mcfatter, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep loss suicidal ideation: the role of trait extraversion

Killgore¹,

Grandner²,

Tubbs³

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Background: It is known that sleep disturbance is associated with increased suicidal thinking. Moreover, completed suicides, when adjusted for the proportion of the populace that is awake at a given time, are more probable during the late night/early morning hours. Despite these concerns, no studies have examined the role of trait-like individual differences in vulnerability to suicidal ideation during sleep deprivation or insomnia. In two separate studies, we examined whether the trait of extraversion is predictive of changes in suicidal thinking following two nights of sleep deprivation and among individuals meeting the criteria for insomnia.Methods:Study 1: Twenty-five healthy military personnel (20 males), ages 20–35 completed the NEO-PI-R Extraversion scale and the Suicidal Ideation (SUI) scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Participants completed 77 h of continuous sleep deprivation. After 56 h of sleep deprivation, participants completed the SUI scale a second time. We predicted a change in SUI scores from baseline extraversion. Study 2: 2,061 adults aged 18–79 (900 males) were divided into two groups based on the clinical threshold (≥ 10) on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and completed measures of extraversion and depression, including the suicide item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9).Results:Study 1: After controlling for the caffeine group and changes in PAI Depression, Extraversion scores were used to predict changes in SUI scores using stepwise multiple linear regression. Higher Extraversion was significantly associated with increased non-clinical suicidal ideation following sleep loss, β = 0.463, partial r = 0.512, p = 0.013. Study 2: After controlling for depression, the effect of insomnia on suicidal ideation was moderated by trait extraversion (p < 0.0001). Overall, the presence or absence of insomnia had little effect on individuals low in trait extraversion (i.e., introverts), but insomnia was associated with significantly higher suicidal ideation among high trait extraverted individuals.Conclusions: Higher trait extraversion was associated with increased vulnerability to suicidal ideation between rested baseline and total sleep deprivation and was associated with greater suicidal ideation among those meeting criteria for clinically severe insomnia. These findings point to a potential trait-like vulnerability factor that may further our understanding of sleep disruption in the phenomenology of suicide.

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“…Even vulnerability to sleep loss is a heritable and stable trait, and several genetic polymorphisms are identified (Casale and Goel 2021). Second, like other physiological systems, sleep need may not be fixed, but is expected to have the ability to adapt to changes in external circumstances (Horne 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is short sleep bad for the brain? Brain structure and cognitive function in short sleepers

Fjell

Sørensen

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Many sleep less than recommended without experiencing daytime tiredness. According to prevailing views, short sleep increases risk of lower brain health and cognitive function. Chronic mild sleep deprivation could cause undetected sleep debt, negatively affecting cognitive function and brain health. However, it is possible that some have less sleep needs and are more resistant to negative effects of sleep loss. We investigated this question using a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal sample of 47,029 participants (age 20-89 years) with measures of self-reported sleep, including 51,295 MRIs of the brain and cognitive tests. 701 participants who reported to sleep < 6 hours did not experience any daytime tiredness or sleep problems. These short sleepers showed on average larger regional brain volumes and only slightly lower general cognitive function compared to a group of 7-8 hours healthy sleepers (n = 3754). In contrast, short sleepers reporting excessive daytime tiredness and sleep problems (n = 1619) had smaller brain volumes and lower cognitive scores. Analyses using accelerometer-estimated sleep duration confirmed the findings, and the associations remained after controlling for body mass index, depression symptoms, income and education. The results suggest that some people can cope with less sleep without obvious negative consequences for brain health, in line with a view on sleep need as individualized. Tiredness and sleep problems seem to be more relevant for neurocognitive function than sleep duration per se.

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Genetic Markers of Differential Vulnerability to Sleep Loss in Adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 142 publications

Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia

Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia

Sleep loss suicidal ideation: the role of trait extraversion

Is short sleep bad for the brain? Brain structure and cognitive function in short sleepers

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