“…Conspecific pollen precedence and gametic incompatibility are examples of post-mating prezygotic isolating barriers ( Rieseberg and Willis, 2007 ). In turn, postzygotic isolation barriers include enlarged ovary (immature fruit) abscission ( Gupta et al, 1996 ; He et al, 2019 ), seed abortion or hybrid seed lethality ( Coughlan et al, 2020 ; Dziasek et al, 2021 ), hybrid weakness ( Shiragaki et al, 2019 , 2020 ), hybrid lethality ( Kawaguchi et al, 2021 ; Si et al, 2021 ; Tezuka et al, 2021 ; Mino et al, 2022 ), and hybrid sterility ( Li et al, 2020 ) in seedlings of the F 1 generation, as well as hybrid breakdown recognized in generations after the F 1 ( Matsubara et al, 2007 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). These isolating barriers may be observed independently or combined, even in a single cross-combination.…”