Genetic mapping of mitochondrial markers by recombinational analysis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Remacle, Claire; Colin, Martine; Matagne, René-Fernand

doi:10.1007/bf00290365

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore, random pairing of oDNA molecules, multiple rounds of paring and recombination, and random segregation of oDNA copies is assumed 104 . In spite of these uncertainties, genetic distances obtained from segregation analyses usually correlate well with the physical distances of the genetic markers 102 , 105 , 106 . Although generally high, recombination frequencies of oDNAs vary between species (on average, 15–20% recombinant clones are observed within a given sequence interval of 1 kb in brewer's yeast, 3.2% in Chlamydomonas mtDNA, 1.6% in fission yeast, and 1% in Chlamydomonas ptDNA; 102 ).…”

Section: Possible Selection Pressures For Uniparental Organelle Inhermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of these uncertainties, genetic distances obtained from segregation analyses usually correlate well with the physical distances of the genetic markers 102 , 105 , 106 . Although generally high, recombination frequencies of oDNAs vary between species (on average, 15–20% recombinant clones are observed within a given sequence interval of 1 kb in brewer's yeast, 3.2% in Chlamydomonas mtDNA, 1.6% in fission yeast, and 1% in Chlamydomonas ptDNA; 102 ). Since the lowest observed recombination frequency of 1% within 1 kb reflects the existence of a linkage group only for a 25 kb distance (because 25% recombination is the maximum possible frequency), it appears that, if sexual recombination within oDNA occurs, large portions of the genome can be genetically unlinked.…”

Section: Possible Selection Pressures For Uniparental Organelle Inhermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

2014

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Why the DNA-containing organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, are inherited maternally is a long standing and unsolved question. However, recent years have seen a paradigm shift, in that the absoluteness of uniparental inheritance is increasingly questioned. Here, we review the field and propose a unifying model for organelle inheritance. We argue that the predominance of the maternal mode is a result of higher mutational load in the paternal gamete. Uniparental inheritance evolved from relaxed organelle inheritance patterns because it avoids the spread of selfish cytoplasmic elements. However, on evolutionary timescales, uniparentally inherited organelles are susceptible to mutational meltdown (Muller's ratchet). To prevent this, fall-back to relaxed inheritance patterns occurs, allowing low levels of sexual organelle recombination. Since sexual organelle recombination is insufficient to mitigate the effects of selfish cytoplasmic elements, various mechanisms for uniparental inheritance then evolve again independently. Organelle inheritance must therefore be seen as an evolutionary unstable trait, with a strong general bias to the uniparental, maternal, mode.

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Section: Possible Selection Pressures For Uniparental Organelle Inhermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Selection Pressures For Uniparental Organelle Inhermentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

2014

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“…However, heteroplasmy resulting from mutations, biparental inheritance, or exchange with nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial origin could provide the potential for recombination among different genomes both within and between cytoplasmic cell organelles. The presence of intergenomic mtDNA recombination has been shown in laboratory experiments in fungi (Toth et al 1998), in algae (Remacle et al 1995), in somatic hybrid plants (Moriguchi et al 1997), in plants regenerated from embryogenic callus cultures (Weigel et al 1995) and in protoplast-derived plants (Albert et al 2003). Although the evidence from natural populations is limited, the presence of mtDNA recombination has been shown in natural populations of the fungi Armillaria gallica and Candida albicans (Saville et al 1998;Anderson et al 2001), and also in the gynodioecious plant Silene acaulis (Staedler and Delph 2002).…”

Section: Recombinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary processes of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes differ from those of nuclear genomes

Korpelainen

2004

Naturwissenschaften

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This paper first introduces our present knowledge of the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and the organization and inheritance patterns of their genomes, and then carries on to review the evolutionary processes influencing mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. The differences in evolutionary phenomena between the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes are highlighted. It is emphasized that varying inheritance patterns and copy numbers among different types of genomes, and the potential advantage achieved through the transfer of many cytoplasmic genes to the nucleus, have important implications for the evolution of nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Cytoplasmic genes transferred to the nucleus have joined the more strictly controlled genetic system of the nuclear genome, including also sexual recombination, while genes retained within the cytoplasmic organelles can be involved in selection and drift processes both within and among individuals. Within-individual processes can be either intra- or intercellular. In the case of heteroplasmy, which is attributed to mutations or biparental inheritance, within-individual selection on cytoplasmic DNA may provide a mechanism by which the organism can adapt rapidly. The inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes is not universally maternal. The presence of a range of inheritance patterns indicates that different strategies have been adopted by different organisms. On the other hand, the variability occasionally observed in the inheritance mechanisms of cytoplasmic genomes reduces heritability and increases environmental components in phenotypic features and, consequently, decreases the potential for adaptive evolution.

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“…1998; Birky 2001), plant (Lonsdale et al. 1988; Remacle et al. 1995; Städler and Delph 2002; Bergthorsson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old Trade, New Tricks: Insights into the Spontaneous Mutation Process from the Partnering of Classical Mutation Accumulation Experiments with High-Throughput Genomic Approaches

Katju

Bergthorsson

2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

125

136

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Mutations spawn genetic variation which, in turn, fuels evolution. Hence, experimental investigations into the rate and fitness effects of spontaneous mutations are central to the study of evolution. Mutation accumulation (MA) experiments have served as a cornerstone for furthering our understanding of spontaneous mutations for four decades. In the pregenomic era, phenotypic measurements of fitness-related traits in MA lines were used to indirectly estimate key mutational parameters, such as the genomic mutation rate, new mutational variance per generation, and the average fitness effect of mutations. Rapidly emerging next-generating sequencing technology has supplanted this phenotype-dependent approach, enabling direct empirical estimates of the mutation rate and a more nuanced understanding of the relative contributions of different classes of mutations to the standing genetic variation. Whole-genome sequencing of MA lines bears immense potential to provide a unified account of the evolutionary process at multiple levels—the genetic basis of variation, and the evolutionary dynamics of mutations under the forces of selection and drift. In this review, we have attempted to synthesize key insights into the spontaneous mutation process that are rapidly emerging from the partnering of classical MA experiments with high-throughput sequencing, with particular emphasis on the spontaneous rates and molecular properties of different mutational classes in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of diverse taxa, the contribution of mutations to the evolution of gene expression, and the rate and stability of transgenerational epigenetic modifications. Future advances in sequencing technologies will enable greater species representation to further refine our understanding of mutational parameters and their functional consequences.

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Genetic mapping of mitochondrial markers by recombinational analysis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

The evolutionary processes of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes differ from those of nuclear genomes

Old Trade, New Tricks: Insights into the Spontaneous Mutation Process from the Partnering of Classical Mutation Accumulation Experiments with High-Throughput Genomic Approaches

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