Genetic introgression of farmed salmon in native populations: quantifying the relative influence of population size and frequency of escapees

Heino, Mikko; Svåsand, Terje; Wennevik, Vidar; Glover, Kevin A.

doi:10.3354/aei00126

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, associations between the incidence of escaped farmed salmon in rivers, and 352 river-specific estimates of temporal genetic change (Glover et al 2012) and admixture 353 (Glover et al 2013;Heino et al 2015;Karlsson et al 2016) prevented an in-depth region-wide analysis of aquaculture production in this study.…”

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confidence: 76%

Predicting the impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon on wild salmon populations

Keyser

Wringe

Jeffery

et al. 2018

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The escape of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from aquaculture facilities can result in both negative genetic and ecological interactions with wild populations, yet the ability to predict the associated risk to wild populations has remained elusive. Here we assess the potential of a spatiotemporal database of aquaculture facility locations, production estimates, and escape events to predict the distribution of escaped farmed salmon and genetic impacts on wild populations in the Northwest Atlantic. Industry production data, reported escape events, and in-river detections of escaped farmed salmon were collected from across the Northwest Atlantic. Genetic estimates of impact were obtained using single nucleotide polymorphisms (95 loci) representing aquaculture and wild salmon throughout the region (30 populations, 3048 individuals). Both the number of escaped farmed salmon detected at counting facilities and the magnitude of genetic impacts were positively correlated with a cumulative spatial measure of aquaculture production. Our results suggest that the risk of escapees and genetic introgression from wild–farmed salmon interactions can be assessed using information on farm production characteristics. This represents a first step in predicting the impact of existing cage-based farms on wild Atlantic salmon.

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confidence: 76%

Predicting the impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon on wild salmon populations

Keyser

Wringe

Jeffery

et al. 2018

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…4) suggesting that smaller salmon populations are at greater risk of hybridization and introgression with escaped domestic individuals as noted in Norway 34,38 . This relationship is consistent with the dilution of domestic individuals in larger wild populations, as well the consequences of increased competition between wild and domestic individuals both on the spawning grounds and at juvenile stages 26,34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive hybridization following a large escape of domesticated Atlantic salmon in the Northwest Atlantic

et al. 2018

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Domestication is rife with episodes of interbreeding between cultured and wild populations, potentially challenging adaptive variation in the wild. In Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, the number of domesticated individuals far exceeds wild individuals, and escape events occur regularly, yet evidence of the magnitude and geographic scale of interbreeding resulting from individual escape events is lacking. We screened juvenile Atlantic salmon using 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms following a single, large aquaculture escape in the Northwest Atlantic and report the landscape-scale detection of hybrid and feral salmon (27.1%, 17/18 rivers). Hybrids were reproductively viable, and observed at higher frequency in smaller wild populations. Repeated annual sampling of this cohort revealed decreases in the presence of hybrid and feral offspring over time. These results link previous observations of escaped salmon in rivers with reports of population genetic change, and demonstrate the potential negative consequences of escapes from net-pen aquaculture on wild populations.

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“…The level of cumulative introgression has been population-specific, and was not solely dependent on the frequency of escapees observed in the population. It has been suggested that such demographic processes in the native population as spawning success and survival of the offspring influence the relative success of farmed salmon in the wild (Heino et al, 2015). Hatchery released and native extirpated salmon populations were identified in Poland using an Atlantic salmon array (Pocwierz-Kotus et al, 2015;Bernas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Comparison Of Wild and Hatchery Stocks: Effects Of Escapeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphism markers with applications in aquaculture and assessment of its impact on natural populations

Wenne

2017

Aquat. Living Resour.

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-An increase in aquatic animal production can be achieved by extending aquaculture areas geographically, utilizing new species for culture, and using new technologies. Among new technologies useful for the increase of aquaculture production is the application of genetics and genomics. New molecular tools that benefit aquaculture have been developed. There has been a large number of experimental and review papers published concerning molecular markers and the range of their applications, including aquaculture and food product analyses. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has emerged as genotyping technology with wide and significant applications in aquaculture. SNPs can be used for construction of genetic linkage maps, finding quantitative trait loci (QTL) for useful traits like growth, body weight, grilsing, thermal and low oxygen tolerance, resistance to stress and diseases, mapping sex determination loci and identification of progeny in selection and chromosome manipulation experiments, assessment of genomic selectionand marker assisted selection in aquaculture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitate the finding associations between SNPs and a trait in related or unrelated specimens. However, many traits are complex and can be controlled by number of QTL. Genotyping by genome reduction complexity sequencing emerged as an efficient and applicable technology in genomic selection. Identification of genes, sequences and nucleotides (substitutions) directly influencing phenotypic variations opens the possibility of marker-assisted selection for desirable characters in culture. SNP and QTL associations can be enhanced using genome editing technology. Examples of successful applications of SNPs in aquaculture of fish, crustacean and mollusk species, representing most geographic areas, and ecological risks assessment are reviewed.

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Genetic introgression of farmed salmon in native populations: quantifying the relative influence of population size and frequency of escapees

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Predicting the impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon on wild salmon populations

Predicting the impacts of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon on wild salmon populations

Extensive hybridization following a large escape of domesticated Atlantic salmon in the Northwest Atlantic

Single nucleotide polymorphism markers with applications in aquaculture and assessment of its impact on natural populations

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