Genetic insights into the paternal admixture history of Chinese Mongolians via high-resolution customized Y-SNP SNaPshot panels

Wang, Mengge; He, Guanglin; Zou, Xing; Liu, Jing; Ye, Ziwei; Ming, Tianyue; Du, Weian; Wang, Zheng; Hou, Yiping

doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102565

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Chen et al recently reported that Guizhou Manchus in southwest China had a strong genetic affinity with southern East Asians and found that Guizhou Manchus could be modeled as deriving a large proportion of southern ancestry related to Austronesian, Tai-Kadai, and Austroasiatic speakers, suggesting that Manchu gradually mixed with the southern natives along with their southward migration ( Chen et al, 2021 ). Genetic diversity and genetic admixture scenarios of northern East Asian Altaic people were mainly collected from Mongolic and Tungusic people ( Jeong et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021b , c ). The genetic structure, population origin, and admixture history of Manchus due to the paucity of genome-wide data from northeast China—the origin center of ancient Manchu people—are now far from clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China

Zhang¹,

Li³

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Manchu is the third-largest ethnic minority in China and has the largest population size among the Tungusic-speaking groups. However, the genetic origin and admixture history of the Manchu people are far from clear due to the sparse sampling and a limited number of markers genotyped. Here, we provided the first batch of genome-wide data of genotyping approximate 700,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 93 Manchu individuals collected from northeast China. We merged the newly generated data with data of publicly available modern and ancient East Asians to comprehensively characterize the genetic diversity and fine-scale population structure, as well as explore the genetic origin and admixture history of northern Chinese Manchus. We applied both descriptive methods of ADMIXTURE, fineSTRUCTURE, FST, TreeMix, identity by decedent (IBD), principal component analysis (PCA), and qualitative f-statistics (f3, f4, qpAdm, and qpWave). We found that Liaoning Manchus have a close genetic relationship and significant admixture signal with northern Han Chinese, which is in line with the cluster patterns in the haplotype-based results. Additionally, the qpAdm-based admixture models showed that modern Manchu people were formed as major ancestry related to Yellow River farmers and minor ancestry linked to ancient populations from Amur River Bain, or others. In summary, the northeastern Chinese Manchu people in Liaoning were an exception to the coherent genetic structure of Tungusic-speaking populations, probably due to the large-scale population migrations and genetic admixtures in the past few hundred years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China

Zhang¹,

Li³

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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“…B4, D4, and R9 were the main maternal lineages, and O2a1, O2a2, and D1a were the dominant paternal lineages. These haplogroups have a high frequency in East Asian populations such as the Han people ( Kivisild et al, 2002 ; Yao et al, 2002 ; Lang et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021b ), and Western Eurasian-specific haplogroups U4 also existed in Fuxin Mongolians ( Melchior et al, 2010 ; Soares et al, 2010 ). Also, except East Asian-dominant haplogroups, there were Siberia-related haplogroups such as C7, N1a, N1b, and Q1a ( Malyarchuk and Derenko, 2009 ; Stoneking and Delfin, 2010 ; Malyarchuk et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2021b ), and these haplogroups further indicated the genetic contribution of Northern Asian populations in the genetic makeup of Fuxin Mongolians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These haplogroups have a high frequency in East Asian populations such as the Han people ( Kivisild et al, 2002 ; Yao et al, 2002 ; Lang et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021b ), and Western Eurasian-specific haplogroups U4 also existed in Fuxin Mongolians ( Melchior et al, 2010 ; Soares et al, 2010 ). Also, except East Asian-dominant haplogroups, there were Siberia-related haplogroups such as C7, N1a, N1b, and Q1a ( Malyarchuk and Derenko, 2009 ; Stoneking and Delfin, 2010 ; Malyarchuk et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2021b ), and these haplogroups further indicated the genetic contribution of Northern Asian populations in the genetic makeup of Fuxin Mongolians. We also found there were genetic differences among Mongolians, Fuxin Mongolians had less ARB and MP hunter–gatherer-related ancestry and Western Eurasian-related ancestry relative to Baotou Mongolian and Outer Mongolian, and Bijie Mongolians in Guizhou Province had more Sino-Tibetan-related ancestry and Southern-related ancestry than other Mongolian people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights into the genetic structure and population history of Mongolians in Liaoning Province

Hou¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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The Mongolian population exceeds six million and is the largest population among the Mongolic speakers in China. However, the genetic structure and admixture history of the Mongolians are still unclear due to the limited number of samples and lower coverage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In this study, we genotyped genome-wide data of over 700,000 SNPs in 38 Mongolian individuals from Fuxin in Liaoning Province to explore the genetic structure and population history based on typical and advanced population genetic analysis methods [principal component analysis (PCA), admixture, FST, f3-statistics, f4-statistics, qpAdm/qpWave, qpGraph, ALDER, and TreeMix]. We found that Fuxin Mongolians had a close genetic relationship with Han people, northern Mongolians, other Mongolic speakers, and Tungusic speakers in East Asia. Also, we found that Neolithic millet farmers in the Yellow River Basin and West Liao River Basin and Neolithic hunter–gatherers in the Mongolian Plateau and Amur River Basin were the dominant ancestral sources, and there were additional gene flows related to Eurasian Steppe pastoralists and Neolithic Iranian farmers in the gene pool of Fuxin Mongolians. These results shed light on dynamic demographic history, complex population admixture, and multiple sources of genetic diversity in Fuxin Mongolians.

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“…These paternal and maternal haplogroups are common in East Asia, and they are the main haplogroups of the Han population. The makeup of uniparental lineages also reveals population admixture; O1 and O2 are the dominant paternal haplogroups in Han people, and C2 and N1 are common haplogroups in northern East Asian populations, such as Tungusic and Mongolic speakers (Wei et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019Wang et al, , 2021a. D4, D5, B4, B5, M7, N9, F1, and A are the common maternal haplogroups in Han people (Li et al, 2019), and G1, G2, Z3, and Z4 are dominant haplogroups in northern East Asian and Siberian populations (Wang et al, 2007;Dryomov et al, 2020).…”

Section: Admixture Time and Uniparental Lineages Of Liaoning Han Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure and demographic history of Northern Han people in Liaoning Province inferred from genome-wide array data

Zhou¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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In this study, we used typical and advanced population genetic analysis methods [principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, FST, f3-statistics, f4-statistics, qpAdm/qpWave, qpGraph, ALDER (Admixture-induced Linkage Disequilibrium for Evolutionary Relationships) and TreeMix] to explore the genetic structure of 80 Han individuals from four different cities in Liaoning Province and reconstruct their demographic history based on the newly generated genome-wide data. We found that Liaoning Han people have genetic similarities with other northern Han people (Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi) and Liaoning Manchu people. Millet farmers in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and the West Liao River Basin (WLRB) (57–98%) and hunter-gatherers in the Mongolian Plateau (MP) and the Amur River Basin (ARB) (40–43%) are the main ancestral sources of the Liaoning Han people. Our study further supports the “northern origin hypothesis”; YRB-related ancestry accounts for 83–98% of the genetic makeup of the Liaoning Han population. There are clear genetic influences of northern East Asian populations in the Liaoning Han people, ancient Northeast Asian-related ancestry is another dominant ancestral component, and large-scale population admixture has happened between Tungusic Manchu people and Han people. There are genetic differences among the Liaoning Han people, and we found that these differences are associated with different migration routes of Hans during the “Chuang Guandong” period in historical records.

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Genetic insights into the paternal admixture history of Chinese Mongolians via high-resolution customized Y-SNP SNaPshot panels

Cited by 23 publications

References 69 publications

Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China

Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China

Genomic insights into the genetic structure and population history of Mongolians in Liaoning Province

Genetic structure and demographic history of Northern Han people in Liaoning Province inferred from genome-wide array data

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