Genetic improvement of yield of nitrogen of Lolium perenne pastures

Wilkins, P. W.; Lovatt, J. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00023061

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Thus, on average for the experimental period, the lowest N concentration was observed in N0 (16.7 g kg −1 in 1994 and 12.5 g kg −1 in 1995) and the highest in N250 (37.9 and 33.9 g kg −1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively). These values are in agreement with previous results for forage grasses (Wilkins and Lovatt, 1989).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen Dilution Curves and Nitrogen Use Efficiency During Winter–Spring Growth of Annual Ryegrass

Marino

Mazzanti²,

Assuero

et al. 2004

Agronomy Journal

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processes (Touraine et al., 1994), a high N requirement during late winter and early spring has been observed For some species, mathematical models have been developed to for annual ryegrass (Salette et al., 1984). However, since describe tissue N dilution during crop growth and to estimate the the rate of soil N mineralization varies throughout the plant N status applying the N nutrition index (NNI), the ratio betweenyear, mainly in response to soil temperature and water the actual tissue N concentration and the tissue N concentration needed to obtain the maximum instantaneous crop growth rate (criti-

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen Dilution Curves and Nitrogen Use Efficiency During Winter–Spring Growth of Annual Ryegrass

Marino

Mazzanti²,

Assuero

et al. 2004

Agronomy Journal

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“…These results confirm an earlier report that breeding for increased leaf production can increase the proportion of applied N apparently recovered in the herbage over the second harvest year under simulated grazing to 70% or more ( Wilkins and Lovatt, 1989). Because differences among varieties in herbage N content were small, increases in annual DM yield were mainly attributable to increases in N recovery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Differences in the nitrogen use efficiency of perennial ryegrass varieties under simulated rotational grazing and their effects on nitrogen recovery and herbage nitrogen content

Wilkins

Allen

Mytton

2000

Grass and Forage Science

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Eight varieties of perennial ryegrass (six new varieties and two old ones) grown at five levels of applied fertilizer (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg of N ha?1) were cut monthly during two growing seasons (March to October in 1997 and 1998) and their herbage dry-matter (DM) yield and nitrogen (N) content were determined. Herbage leaf content and the N content of young fully expanded leaves were also measured in 1997, and monthly recovery of applied N was determined in both the first and second harvest years by using 15N. The rank order of varieties was similar for annual yield of DM and N at all five fertilizer levels. Proportional differences between varieties in DM yield were greatest in the first cut of each year, the late-heading candidate variety Ba12151 out-yielding the old late-heading variety S23 by more than 70%. However, differences in annual DM yield were much more modest than in early spring yield, up to 10% in 1997 and up to 21% in 1998. The relatively small differences in total annual DM yield were attributed to only a small proportion of the applied N being recovered during a single regrowth period, most of the remainder becoming available for uptake in subsequent regrowth periods. There were small but highly statistically significant differences among varieties in the N content of their leaves, leaf N content being inversely related to yield of DM and N. This lends further support to the hypothesis that the metabolic cost of protein synthesis and turnover is a key factor controlling genetic variation both in leaf yield and in annual DM and N yield under frequent harvesting. Seasonal variation in herbage N content was much greater than differences among varieties in mean N content over all harvests. In May of both years at all applied fertilizer levels, herbage N content fell below the 20 g N kg?1 DM level required by productive grazing animalsPeer reviewe

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“…In addition to improvement in DMY, persistency and quality aspects, traits for efficient use of inputs (e.g. nitrogen) and a long growing season are also being bred into modern grass varieties (Wilkins & Lovatt, 1989; Wilkins et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Objectives Breeding Methodologies and Progress In Grassmentioning

confidence: 99%

A changing climate for grassland research

et al. 2005

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Contents Summary 9 Background 10 Objectives, breeding methodologies and progress in grass breeding 12 Markers and their suitability for genetic analysis in grasses 13 Associating markers to genes for ‘sustainability’ in the grasses 13 The genetic control of flowering time 16 Target traits: resilience against climate change and resistance to abiotic stresses 17 Target traits: carbohydrates and sustainable ruminant animal production 19 Target traits: grass biomass, climate change and energy sustainability 21 Conclusions 21 References 22 Summary Here, we review the current genetic approaches for grass improvement and their potential for the enhanced breeding of new varieties appropriate for a sustainable agriculture in a changing global climate. These generally out‐breeding, perennial, self‐incompatible species present unique challenges and opportunities for genetic analysis. We emphasise their distinctiveness from model species and from the in‐breeding, annual cereals. We describe the modern genetic approaches appropriate for their analysis, including association mapping. Sustainability traits discussed here include stress resistance (drought, cold and pathogeneses) and favourable agronomic characters (nutrient use efficiency, carbohydrate content, fatty acid content, winter survival, flowering time and biomass yield). Global warming will predictably affect temperature‐sensitive traits such as vernalisation, and these traits are under investigation. Grass biomass utilisation for carbon‐neutral energy generation may contribute to reduced atmospheric carbon emissions. Because the wider potential outcomes of climate change are unpredictable, breeders must be reactive to events and have a range of well‐characterised germplasm available for new applications.

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Genetic improvement of yield of nitrogen of Lolium perenne pastures

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Nitrogen Dilution Curves and Nitrogen Use Efficiency During Winter–Spring Growth of Annual Ryegrass

Nitrogen Dilution Curves and Nitrogen Use Efficiency During Winter–Spring Growth of Annual Ryegrass

Differences in the nitrogen use efficiency of perennial ryegrass varieties under simulated rotational grazing and their effects on nitrogen recovery and herbage nitrogen content

A changing climate for grassland research

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