Genetic Improvement of Oilseed Crops Using Modern Biotechnology

Villanueva-Mejía, Diego F.; Álvarez, Javier Correa

doi:10.5772/intechopen.70743

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Increasing attention of the industry to the use of oilseed crops-derived raw materials has prompted genetic engineering approaches for modifying their fatty acid composition to produce higher oil content or better oil characteristics (Rahman and de Jiménez, 2016;Villanueva-Mejia and Alvarez, 2017). However, restrictions to the cultivation of GM plants in several countries and recalcitrance of numerous relevant oleaginous crops, including cardoon, to regeneration limit this approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing

et al. 2022

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The development of effective tools for the sustainable supply of phyto-ingredients and natural substances with reduced environmental footprints can help mitigate the dramatic scenario of climate change. Plant cell cultures-based biorefineries can be a technological advancement to face this challenge and offer a potentially unlimited availability of natural substances, in a standardized composition and devoid of the seasonal variability of cultivated plants. Monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids are attracting considerable attention as supplements for biodegradable plastics, bio-additives for the cosmetic industry, and bio-lubricants. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) callus cultures accumulate fatty acids and polyphenols and are therefore suitable for large-scale production of biochemicals and valuable compounds, as well as biofuel precursors. With the aim of boosting their potential uses, we designed a biotechnological approach to increase oleic acid content through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated metabolic engineering. Bioinformatic data mining in the C. cardunculus transcriptome allowed the selection and molecular characterization of SAD (stearic acid desaturase) and FAD2.2 (fatty acid desaturase) genes, coding for key enzymes in oleic and linoleic acid formation, as targets for metabolic engineering. A total of 22 and 27 fast-growing independent CcSAD overexpressing (OE) and CcFAD2.2 RNAi knocked out (KO) transgenic lines were obtained. Further characterization of five independent transgenic lines for each construct demonstrated that, successfully, SAD overexpression increased linoleic acid content, e.g., to 42.5%, of the relative fatty acid content, in the CcSADOE6 line compared with 30.4% in the wild type (WT), whereas FAD2.2 silencing reduced linoleic acid in favor of the accumulation of its precursor, oleic acid, e.g., to almost 57% of the relative fatty acid content in the CcFAD2.2KO2 line with respect to 17.7% in the WT. Moreover, CcSADOE6 and CcFAD2.2KO2 were also characterized by a significant increase in total polyphenolic content up to about 4.7 and 4.1 mg/g DW as compared with 2.7 mg/g DW in the WT, mainly due to the accumulation of dicaffeoyl quinic and feruloyl quinic acids. These results pose the basis for the effective creation of an engineered cardoon cells-based biorefinery accumulating high levels of valuable compounds from primary and specialized metabolism to meet the industrial demand for renewable and sustainable sources of innovative bioproducts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing

et al. 2022

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“…For example, saturated fatty acids (SFA) such as 16:0 and 18:0 contain no double bonds, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as 18:1 and 22:1 contain a single double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as 18:2 and 18:3 carry two or more double bonds. The five most abundant fatty acids in plant oils are 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3, whose proportions vary depending on the oilseed crop and cultivar, and their relative amounts largely determine the oil's end use (McVetty and Scarth, 2002; Villanueva‐Mejia and Alvarez, 2017). Therefore, altering the fatty acid composition of seed oils has long been a top priority for oilseed breeders.…”

Section: Possible Routes To Modify Fatty Acid Composition Using Genommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further exacerbate matters, there is also a growing need for vegetable oils as an alternative to fossil fuels, which are dwindling due to the limited availability of petrochemical reserves (El‐Hamidi and Zaher, 2018; Xu et al, 2018b). As such, this projected increase in required production could be underestimated in the case of oilseed crops (El‐Hamidi and Zaher, 2018; Villanueva‐Mejia and Alvarez, 2017). While meeting this challenge will likely require the remedy of various sociopolitical issues, including excessive levels of food wastage and inequities in terms of global food distribution, the development of new oilseed cultivars with increased seed oil content (Xu et al, 2018c) or altered fatty acid composition optimized for end use (food, feed, energy or industry; Singer et al, 2013), could provide one piece of the puzzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an attempt to expedite further improvements in seed oil quantity and quality, genetic engineering approaches including the over‐expression of native or foreign genes, or the down‐regulation of endogenous gene expression, have been employed (Villanueva‐Mejia and Alvarez, 2017; Zafar et al, 2019). Despite the promise of such strategies, with the exception of high‐lauric acid (12:0) canola (Laurical™) and “super high”‐oleic acid (18:1(n‐9); hereafter 18:1) safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ; Wood et al, 2018), their commercial implementation in agronomically important crops has been severely hindered by negative public perception, as well as the lengthy and prohibitively costly regulatory processes required for commercialization of genetically modified (“GM”) crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops

Subedi

Jayawardhane

Pan

et al. 2020

Lipids

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A continuous rise in demand for vegetable oils, which comprise mainly the storage lipid triacylglycerol, is fueling a surge in research efforts to increase seed oil content and improve fatty acid composition in oilseed crops. Progress in this area has been achieved using both conventional breeding and transgenic approaches to date. However, further advancements using traditional breeding methods will be complicated by the polyploid nature of many oilseed crops and associated time constraints, while public perception and the prohibitive cost of regulatory processes hinders the commercialization of transgenic oilseed crops. As such, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is emerging as a breakthrough breeding tool that could provide a platform to keep pace with escalating demand while potentially minimizing regulatory burden. In this review, we discuss the technology itself and progress that has been made thus far with respect to its use in oilseed crops to improve seed oil content and quality. Furthermore, we examine a number of genes that may provide ideal targets for genome editing in this context, as well as new CRISPR-related tools that have the potential to be applied to oilseed plants and may allow additional gains to be made in the future.

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“…Oilseeds are ranked fourth in important food commodities after cereals, vegetables and melons, and fruits and nuts, and they occupy about 213 Mha of the world's arable land (OECD-FAO, 2020 ). However, the utilization and demand of oil crops continuously increases due to high population pressure, vagaries in dietary choices, cumulative global affluence, and the need for more renewable bio-products (Villanueva-Mejia and Alvarez, 2017 ). Vegetable oil is used as a biofuel, so it has a great future as an essential energy source (Lu et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation Strategies to Improve the Resistance of Oilseed Crops to Heat Stress Under a Changing Climate: An Overview

et al. 2021

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Temperature is one of the decisive environmental factors that is projected to increase by 1. 5°C over the next two decades due to climate change that may affect various agronomic characteristics, such as biomass production, phenology and physiology, and yield-contributing traits in oilseed crops. Oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, cottonseed, coconut, palm oil, sesame, safflower, olive etc., are widely grown. Specific importance is the vulnerability of oil synthesis in these crops against the rise in climatic temperature, threatening the stability of yield and quality. The natural defense system in these crops cannot withstand the harmful impacts of heat stress, thus causing a considerable loss in seed and oil yield. Therefore, a proper understanding of underlying mechanisms of genotype-environment interactions that could affect oil synthesis pathways is a prime requirement in developing stable cultivars. Heat stress tolerance is a complex quantitative trait controlled by many genes and is challenging to study and characterize. However, heat tolerance studies to date have pointed to several sophisticated mechanisms to deal with the stress of high temperatures, including hormonal signaling pathways for sensing heat stimuli and acquiring tolerance to heat stress, maintaining membrane integrity, production of heat shock proteins (HSPs), removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assembly of antioxidants, accumulation of compatible solutes, modified gene expression to enable changes, intelligent agricultural technologies, and several other agronomic techniques for thriving and surviving. Manipulation of multiple genes responsible for thermo-tolerance and exploring their high expressions greatly impacts their potential application using CRISPR/Cas genome editing and OMICS technology. This review highlights the latest outcomes on the response and tolerance to heat stress at the cellular, organelle, and whole plant levels describing numerous approaches applied to enhance thermos-tolerance in oilseed crops. We are attempting to critically analyze the scattered existing approaches to temperature tolerance used in oilseeds as a whole, work toward extending studies into the field, and provide researchers and related parties with useful information to streamline their breeding programs so that they can seek new avenues and develop guidelines that will greatly enhance ongoing efforts to establish heat stress tolerance in oilseeds.

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Genetic Improvement of Oilseed Crops Using Modern Biotechnology

Cited by 16 publications

References 92 publications

Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing

Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing

The Potential of Genome Editing for Improving Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Oilseed Crops

Adaptation Strategies to Improve the Resistance of Oilseed Crops to Heat Stress Under a Changing Climate: An Overview

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