Genetic improvement of oaks in North America

Steiner, Kim C.

doi:10.1051/forest:19930740

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…From the 58 tree-sized native species of oak in the USA, which cover an estimated area of 448,000 km 2 , Quercus rubra (red oak) and Q. alba (white oak) are the most important and widely distributed (Steiner 1993). Red oak, which is one of the fastest growing of the species, is distributed from northeastern USA reaching west to central Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, and Kansas.…”

Section: The Genus Quercusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investment in projects with an expected lifetime of over 40 years, such as those on long-rotation hardwood species, has never been attractive. Quercus species are included in the group of long-rotation hardwoods for which no long-term tree improvement programs have been carried out in either Europe or in North America (Savill and Kanowski 1993;Steiner 1993;Savill et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement

et al. 2011

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The genus Quercus, which belongs to the family Fagaceae, is native to the northern hemisphere and includes deciduous and evergreen species. The trees of the different species are very important from both economic and ecological perspectives. Application of new technological approaches (which span the fields of plant developmental biology, genetic transformation, conservation of elite germplasm and discovery of genes associated with complex multigenic traits) to these long-rotation hardwoods may be of interest for accelerating tree improvement programs. This review provides a summary of the advances made in the application of biotechnological tools to specific oak species. Significant progress has been made in the area of clonal propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE). Standardized procedures have been developed for micropropagating the most important European (Q. robur, Q. petarea, Q. suber) and American (Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Q. rubra) oaks by axillary shoot growth. Although regenerated plantlets are grown in experimental trials, large-scale propagation of oak species has not been carried out. The induction of SE in oaks from juvenile explants is generally not problematic, although the use of explants other than zygotic embryos is much less efficient. During the last decade, enormous advances have been made in inducing SE from selected adult trees, mainly specimens of pedunculate oak (Q. robur) and cork oak (Q. suber). Advances in the understanding of the maturation and germination steps are required for better use of embryogenic process in clonal forestry. Quercus species are late-maturing and late-flowering, exhibit irregular seed set, and produce seeds that are recalcitrant to storage by conventional procedures. Vitrification-based cryopreservation techniques were used successfully in somatic embryos of pedunculate oak and cork oak, and an applied genbank of cork oak selected genotypes is now under development. The feasibility of genetic transformation of pedunculate oak and cork oak somatic embryos by means of co-culture techniques with several strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has also been demonstrated. To date, most research on the genomics of Quercus species has concerned population genetics. Approaches using functional genomics to examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control organogenesis and or somatic embryogenesis are still scarce, and efforts on the isolation and characterization of genes related to other specific traits should be intensified in the near future, as this would help improve the practical application of clonal forestry in recalcitrant species such as oaks.

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Section: The Genus Quercusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement

et al. 2011

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“…(Corredoira et al, 2015). Q. alba L. (white oak) and Q. rubra L. (red oak) are also of great relevance since they are widely distributed in North America (Steiner, 1993). White oak has had economic importance since colonial times; it was once extensively used in shipbuilding and is currently the major source of wood for cooperage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of leaf somatic embryogenesis involves high pectin esterification, auxin accumulation and DNA demethylation in Quercus alba

Corredoira

Cano

Bárány³

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Somatic embryogenesis is considered a convenient tool for investigating the regulating mechanisms of embryo formation; it is also a feasible system for in vitro regeneration procedures, with many advantages in woody species. Nevertheless, trees have shown recalcitrance to somatic embryogenesis, and its efficiency remains very low in many cases. Consequently, despite the clear potential of somatic embryogenesis in tree breeding programs, its application is limited since factors responsible for embryogenesis initiation have not yet been completely elucidated. In the present work, we investigated key cellular factors involved in the change of developmental program during leaf somatic embryogenesis initiation of white oak (Quercus alba), aiming to identify early markers of the process. The results revealed that pectin esterification, auxin accumulation and DNA demethylation were induced during embryogenesis initiation and differentially found in embryogenic cells, while they were not present in leaf cells before induction or in non-embryogenic cells after embryogenesis initiation. These three factors constitute early markers of leaf embryogenesis and represent processes that could be interconnected and involved in the regulation of cell reprogramming and embryogenesis initiation. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying plant cell reprogramming, totipotency and embryogenic competence acquisition, especially in tree species for which information is scarce, thus opening up the possibility of efficient manipulation of somatic embryogenesis induction.

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“…Extensive work has been conducted in inducing somatic embryogenesis (SE) from selected mature trees of the most important European Quercus species, including Q. robur, Q. suber and Q. ilex (Corredoira et al 2014; Barra-Jiménez et al 2014). Among North American oak species, Q. alba L. (white oak) and Q. rubra L. (red oak) are widely distributed and are also of significant importance (Steiner 1993). In Q. alba, we have induced SE from leaf explants derived from young trees (Corredoira et al 2012), but the method for proliferation of embryogenic lines has not been studied in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved secondary embryo production in Quercus alba and Q. rubra by activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate and sucrose: influence of embryogenic explant used for subculture

Martínez

Viéitez

Corredoira

2015

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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In somatic embryogenic systems of various oak species, including Quercus alba and Q. rubra, embryogenic lines generally proliferate through generation of nodular embryogenic structures (NS) as a form of repetitive embryogenesis, without embryo development progressing to the cotyledonary stage, or with a low proportion of embryo formation, resulting in the inability to achieve suitable material for plant recovery. In experiments we used previously initiated embryogenic lines derived from 7-year-old trees of Q. alba and Q. rubra. The aim of this work was to improve embryo proliferation and histodifferentiation of lines from these oak species to obtain welldeveloped embryos and plant regeneration. The effects of activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate (STS) and sucrose concentration on secondary embryo production were investigated. Overall, the best embryo proliferation medium consisted of basal Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.4 % charcoal and 20 lM STS, and supplemented with 6 % sucrose for Q. alba and 3 % sucrose for Q. rubra. In these conditions, well-developed and singularised torpedo-and cotyledonary-shaped embryos were produced. The developmental stage of the embryogenic explant used for subculture significantly influenced embryo production and differentiation of new secondary embryos, with NS being the most effective explant despite being the smallest explant type in terms of size and fresh weight.Addition of STS in the germination medium also had a positive effect on germination response giving rise to approximately 39 % embryo conversion in Q. alba and 11 % in Q. rubra.

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Genetic improvement of oaks in North America

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement

Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement

Initiation of leaf somatic embryogenesis involves high pectin esterification, auxin accumulation and DNA demethylation in Quercus alba

Improved secondary embryo production in Quercus alba and Q. rubra by activated charcoal, silver thiosulphate and sucrose: influence of embryogenic explant used for subculture

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