Genetic Improvement of Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars for Grain Yield and <i>Striga</i> Resistance during Three Breeding Eras

Badu‐Apraku, B.; Yallou, C. G.; Alidu, Huseini; Talabi, A.O.; Akaogu, I. C.; Annor, Benjamin; Adeoti, A. A.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.02.0089

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The authors reported the average rate of increase in grain yield under optimal growing conditions to be 40 kg ha -1 yr -1 with a genetic gain of 1.3% yr -1 , and a gain of 30 kg ha -1 yr -1 , an annual genetic gain of 1.2% across 16 stress environments. In another study involving the same 56 extra-early cultivars, Badu-Apraku et al (2016) reported genetic gains in grain yield of 2.56% under Striga-infestation and 1.3% annual genetic gain under Striga-free conditions. Results of the evaluation of the extra-early cultivars under low N and high N revealed annual genetic gains in grain yield of 2.14 and 2.56%, respectively while under drought stress and optimal conditions, the cultivars showed genetic gains of 1.99 and 1.94% per year, respectively (Badu-Apraku et al, unpublished data, 2016, Improvement in grain yield and low nitrogen tolerance in extra-early maturing maize cultivars of three breeding eras evaluated under low and high nitrogen environments).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The populations were each subjected to recurrent selection for stress tolerance and enhancement of grain yield under stress and no-stress conditions. Following the development of the two extra-early populations, the main strategies adopted in the extra-early maturing maize component of the IITA-MIP are improvement of source populations using recurrent selection with reliable artificial Striga field infestation and screening methods to increase resistance to relevant stresses in the breeding materials, development of open-pollinated cultivars, inbred lines, and hybrids from source populations and germplasm enhancement (Badu-Apraku et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Yield Gains in Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars of Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments

Badu‐Apraku¹,

Yallou

Ofori

et al. 2017

Agronomy Journal

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Core Ideas The study determined genetic improvement in grain yield of the cultivars during the breeding eras, investigated trait associations, and identified high‐yielding and stable cultivars across multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments. The study revealed an annual genetic gain of 2.72 and 2.28% for the cultivars under multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments. Cultivars 2004 TZEE‐Y Pop STR C4, TZEE‐W Pop STR QPM C0, TZEE‐W Pop STR BC2 C0 of era 2 and TZEE‐W STR 107 BC1, TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, and 2012 TZEE‐Y DT STR C5 of era 3 were the highest yielding and stable across multiple‐stress environments while 98 Syn EE‐W from era 1, FERKE TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐W Pop STR C3, TZEE‐Y Pop STR QPM C0 from era 2, and TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, 2009 TZEE‐OR2 STR QPM, 2009 TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐Y STR 106, TZEE‐W DT C0 STR C5 from era 3 were the most outstanding across non‐stress environments. We conclude that substantial progress has been made in breeding for multiple‐stress tolerant extra‐early maize cultivars in West and central Africa. Availability of extra‐early maize cultivars has facilitated the expansion of maize production into savannas of West and Central Africa (WCA). Fifty‐six extra‐early maize cultivars of three breeding eras;1995 to 2000, 2001 to 2006, and 2007 to 2012 were evaluated for 2 yr under 24 multiple‐stress and 28 non‐stress environments in WCA. Objectives of the study were to determine genetic improvement in grain yield of cultivars developed during the breeding eras, and identify high‐yielding and s multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments. Yield gains from era 1 to era 3 under multiple stresses was associated with increased days to anthesis, reduced stalk lodging, and improved husk cover. Cultivars 2004 TZEE‐Y Pop STR C4, TZEE‐W Pop STR QPM C0, and TZEE‐W Pop STR BC2 C0 of era 2; and TZEE‐W STR 107 BC1, TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, and 2012 TZEE‐Y DT STR C5 of era 3 were high‐yielding and stable across multiple‐stress environments while 98 Syn EE‐W from era 1, FERKE TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐W Pop STR C3, and TZEE‐Y Pop STR QPM C0 from era 2, and TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, 2009 TZEE‐OR2 STR QPM, 2009 TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐Y STR 106, and TZEE‐W DT C0 STR C5 from era 3 were outstanding across non‐stress environments and should be tested extensively and commercialized. Considerable improvement has been made in breeding for multiple‐stress tolerant extra‐early maize cultivars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Gains in Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars of Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments

Badu‐Apraku¹,

Yallou

Ofori

et al. 2017

Agronomy Journal

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“…The observed significant differences (P < 0.01) among the four cycles of S 1 families for yield and all other traits assayed under drought and optimal growing environments indicated that genetic variability existed in the early-maturing yellow breeding population TZE-Y Pop DT STR studied and that genetic gains could be achieved for the original cycle and the subsequent recurrent selection cycles (Badu-Apraku et al, 2011, 2016Berilli et al, 2013). The highly significant environmental effects (P < 0.01) for all traits assayed except for yield, ASI, PASP, and EPP under drought and DS, ASI, and EPP under optimal conditions indicated that the research environments in Nigeria varied in terms of climatic and edaphic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This suggested that there was high frequency of favorable drought tolerance alleles in the early yellow population for continued progress from future recurrent selection programs, as additional cycles of recombination took place (Halward and Wynne, 1992). Low estimates of genetic variance, heritability, and predicted gains from selection for yield and other traits suggested the need to introgress drought tolerance genes into the TZE-W Pop DT C 3 STR C 5 population (Badu-Apraku et al, 2016). This result is contrary to the findings of Badu-Apraku et al (2016), who studied the Striga-resistant and drought-tolerant early-maturing white population TZE-W Pop DT C 3 STR C 5 under drought stress and well-watered environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly significant environmental effects (P < 0.01) for all traits assayed except for yield, ASI, PASP, and EPP under drought and DS, ASI, and EPP under optimal conditions indicated that the research environments in Nigeria varied in terms of climatic and edaphic conditions. Furthermore, the presence of significant GEI means squares for most of the measured traits under drought stress and optimal growing environments suggested that there were differences in the responses of the S 1 lines in the different cycles to environmental variations, and that the research environments were discriminating enough in the identification of outstanding cultivars in the recurrent selection procedure (Badu-Apraku et al, 2016). The observed significant GEI for grain yield, PHT, PASP, and EASP under both research conditions and the STGR under drought may be due largely to differences in environmental factors, particularly soil type, temperature, amount of rainfall, and disease pressure at the testing sites in Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Variances and Heritabilities of Traits of an Early Yellow Maize Population after Cycles of Improvement for Striga Resistance and Drought Tolerance

et al. 2018

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Drought and Striga are principal constraints to maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub‐Saharan Africa. An early yellow maize population, TZE‐Y Pop DT STR, which had undergone five cycles of selection for resistance to Striga, followed by three cycles of improvement for drought tolerance, was investigated for yield gains, changes in genetic variance, and interrelationships among traits under drought stress and optimum environments. Two hundred and forty S1 lines comprising 60 each from the base population and subsequent populations from three selection cycles improved for grain yield and drought tolerance were assessed under drought and optimal environments in Nigeria from 2010 to 2012. Genetic improvements in grain yield of 423 and 518 kg ha−1 cycle−1 were achieved under drought stress and optimal environments. Predicted improvements in selection for yield were 348 and 377 kg ha−1 cycle−1 under drought stress and optimum environments, respectively. The highest yield observed in C3 was accompanied by reduced days to silking and anthesis–silking interval, improved plant aspect and ear aspect, and increased plant height and ears per plant across research environments, as well as improved stay‐green characteristic under drought. The level of genetic variability for yield and a few other traits were maintained under drought and optimal environments in the population. The presence of residual genetic variability for yield and other assayed traits in C3 indicated that progress could be made from future selection in the population depending on the ability of breeders to identify outstanding genotypes and the precision level of experimentation. Substantial improvement has been made in yield and drought tolerance in C3 of the population.

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A meta‐analysis of the effects of Striga control methods on maize, sorghum, and major millets production in sub‐Saharan Africa

et al. 2023

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Parasitic Striga weeds severely damage cereal crops in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), leading to yield losses in susceptible varieties. A range of Striga control methods are commonly recommended, including cultural practices, chemical herbicides, biological control agents, and host resistance, either as solo treatments or in combinations of these approaches (i.e., integrated Striga management [ISM]). A limited number of studies compared the relative efficacy of the recommended Striga control methods, or their combinations for ISM, in cereal crop production in SSA. The objective of this paper was to undertake a meta‐analysis and provide a detailed comparison of the Striga control methods in the production of maize, sorghum, and the major millets, as a guide to effective Striga management. The study was conducted as a meta‐analysis of 66 research articles that reported on various control measures. The following agronomic data were collected: grain yield (GY) response of the assessed crops and Striga parameters such as damage rating score (SDR) and emergence count (SEC). Maize varieties possessing Striga‐resistant genes displayed high mean yield values at 2053.00 kg ha−1, varying from 281.00 to 6260.00 kg ha−1, and a mean SDR of 4.70, ranging from 2.00 to 7.00. Likewise, sorghum varieties with Striga resistance genes achieved greater GY with a mean yield response of 1738.00 kg ha−1, ranging from 850.00 to 2162.00 kg ha−1. A relatively low GY was achieved in maize and sorghum production when deploying ISM (e.g., cultural control + host resistance and host resistance + chemical herbicides) and chemical Striga control. Effective ISM and pre‐ and post‐emergent herbicides have not yet been identified for Striga control and yield gains. Striga damage negatively affected GY in maize, as revealed by the significant correlation (r = −0.36, P < 0.001) between GY and SDR. A relatively weak correlation was detected in maize between GY and SEC (r = 0.003, P = 0.96). Sorghum GY was negatively correlated with SEC, although nonsignificantly (r = −0.30, P = 0.36). Few studies have evaluated Striga control methods in pearl millet and finger millet, limiting the opportunity for an effective comparison. The study recommends SDR as the best selection criterion for improving GY performance in maize, while SEC and SDR are the parameters of choice in sorghum selection programs for better GY under Striga infestation. Overall, the meta‐analysis indicates that host resistance is the most effective method for controlling Striga infestation and boosting GY in maize and sorghum. There is an ongoing need for research into the best combinations of the reported control methods as a sound basis for the recommendation of an ISM package across target production environments of common cereals in Africa.

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Genetic Improvement of Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars for Grain Yield and Striga Resistance during Three Breeding Eras

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Yield Gains in Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars of Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments

Yield Gains in Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars of Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments

Genetic Variances and Heritabilities of Traits of an Early Yellow Maize Population after Cycles of Improvement for Striga Resistance and Drought Tolerance

A meta‐analysis of the effects of Striga control methods on maize, sorghum, and major millets production in sub‐Saharan Africa

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