Genetic improvement in wheat yield and associated traits. A re‐examination of previous results and the latest trends

Calderini, Daniel F.; Dreccer, M. Fernanda; Slafer, Gustavo A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00772.x

Cited by 186 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results are in accordance with various studies which have revealed the positive impact of increased number of spikes per area on yield [18][19][20][21] and the number of grains per spike [18,22,23]. On the contrary, our results did not confirm studies claiming that higher yields are combined with increased 1000 kernel weight [5,24].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Multienvironmental evaluation of wheat landraces by GGE Biplot Analysis for organic breeding

Koutis¹,

Mavromatis²,

Baxevanos³

et al. 2012

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This study was conducted to determine the performance of wheat landraces cultivated under organic conditions and to analyze their stability across diverse environments. Six wheat landraces with specific characteristics (high protein content, drought tolerance, stay green) were tested under organic growing environment. The experiments were applied in three locations (Larisa (LAR), Thessaloniki (THES), Kilkis (KIL)) for three growing seasons. The role of specific agronomic traits (stay green, lodging) and their correlation with yield components were analyzed. Stability and genotypic superiority for grain yield were determined using ANOVA and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis. Furthermore, the interrelationships among wheat traits and genotype-by-trait using regression analysis, coefficient of variation and (GT)-biplot technique were studied. Significant differences were found in yield among wheat landraces tested, and also in yield components, as related to specific traits expressed into organic environment. Best varieties in terms of yield were Skliropetra and M. Argolidas, characterized by lowest weight of 1000 grains, large number of spikes per m 2 meter and the highest number of grains per spike as compared to the other landraces. The statistical model GGE biplot provides useful information for experimentation of wheat landraces when grown under organic environment. It identifies clearly the ideal and representative environment for experimentation and underlines the effect of specific traits for each wheat cultivar on yield performance and stability across environments.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Multienvironmental evaluation of wheat landraces by GGE Biplot Analysis for organic breeding

Koutis¹,

Mavromatis²,

Baxevanos³

et al. 2012

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show abstract

“…Grain yield increases during the last century were almost fully (Slafer et al, 1990;Calderini et al, 1999;Fischer, 2007b), or at least mainly (Calderini et al, 1995;Sadras and Lawson, 2011), related to increases in grain number per m 2 . This is in line with the fact that grain growth is frequently sink-limited both in wheat (Jenner, 1979;Savin and Slafer, 1991;Slafer and Savin, 1994;Miralles and Slafer, 1995;Kruk et al, 1997;Borrás et al, 2004;Calderini et al, 2006) and barley (Dreccer et al, 1997;Savin et al, 2006;Bingham et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding grain yield responses to source–sink ratios during grain filling in wheat and barley under contrasting environments

Serrago

Alzueta

Savin

et al. 2013

Field Crops Research

174

138

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a b s t r a c tA better understanding of the effects of different source-sink ratio during the grain filling period on grain growth may be relevant in order to further increase cereal grain yield. The main objective of the present work was to determine the effect of different manipulations of the source-sink ratios in wheat and barley grown at four different environmental conditions on responsiveness of sinks (grain growth and yield) and sources (spike photosynthesis and water soluble carbohydrates in the stems). Four treatments were imposed 7 days after anthesis in two contrasting locations with low-and highinputs conditions in wheat (cv. Soissons) and barley (cv. Sunrise): they were a control, a treatment removing all the spikelets from the upper half of the spikes (T S ), and shadings decreasing incident radiation by 75% on the whole canopy (S W ) or only on the leaves (having the top area of the meshes individual holes for each spike to be exposed to solar radiation, S L ). As expected grain yield was closely related to grain number per m 2 . Average grain weight was reduced by shading treatments far more markedly in S w than in S L . Interestingly, significant amounts of water soluble carbohydrates in the stems remained at maturity in S L and S w treatments and spike photosynthesis in S L was consistently higher than in the unshaded controls in both species. These results may be an indication that wheat and barley are not source-limited during grain filling and that only when subjected to an extremely severe stress, grain size would be reduced due to lack of enough assimilates available to fill them.

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“…Por muitos anos, grande parte do aumento da produtividade de trigo esteve associada ao incremento da partição de massa seca para os grãos, enquanto a biomassa da parte aérea não foi modificada (Calderini et al, 1995;Sayre et al, 1997). Em adição, fatores determinantes na produção de biomassa, especialmente a eficiência do uso da radiação, permaneceram praticamente inalterados (Calderini et al, 1997;Fischer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito da densidade de semeadura e de reguladores vegetais sobre os caracteres morfofisiológicos da folha bandeira do trigo

Fioreze

Rodrigues

2012

Agraria

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Efeito da densidade de semeadura e de reguladores vegetais sobre os caracteres morfofisiológicos da folha bandeira do trigo RESUMO O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar as características morfofisiológicas da folha bandeira do trigo em densidades crescentes de semeadura sob aplicação de reguladores vegetais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro densidades de semeadura (30, 50, 70 e 90 plantas m -1 ), enquanto as subparcelas foram constituídas pela aplicação de reguladores vegetais, sendo um produto comercial composto por auxina+giberelina+citocinina (Ax+GA+CK), Etil-Trinexapac e a combinação dos dois produtos, além de uma testemunha sem a aplicação. Foram determinados o acúmulo de matéria seca total e a altura de plantas, as características morfológicas, o índice SPAD e os teores de nitrogênio e pigmentos fotossintéticos da folha bandeira. O aumento da densidade de semeadura resultou em diminuição no acúmulo de matéria seca e no índice SPAD da folha bandeira. A aplicação de Etil-Trinexapac resultou em aumento no índice SPAD da folha bandeira, estando os valores mais correlacionados com os teores de nitrogênio foliar do que com os teores de clorofila, que apresentaram redução em função da aplicação do regulador. A aplicação de Ax+GA+CK não afetou o desenvolvimento da folha bandeira de plantas de trigo. Palavras-chave:Auxina, citocinina, clorofila, Etil-Trinexapac, giberelina, nitrogênio, SPAD. Effects of sowing density and plant growth regulators on the morphological and physiological characteristics of the wheat flag leaf ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to study the morphological and physiological characteristics of the wheat flag leaf as affected by increasing sowing densities and plant growth regulators application. The experimental design was a split-plot with completely randomized blocks and four replications. Plots were consisted by four sowing densities (30, 50 70 and 90 plants m -1 ) and the split-plots by plant growth regulators: a product composed by auxin+gebberellin+cytokinin (Ax+GA+CK), Trinexapac-Ethyl e (Ax+GA+CK) + Trinexapac-Ethyl, and a control without application. Dry mass accumulation, plant height, morphological characteristics, SPAD index, nitrogen and photosynthetic pigments contents in the flag leaf were determined. The increase in the sowing density resulted in lower dry mass accumulation and SPAD index of the flag leaves. Trinexapac-Ethyl caused increase in the SPAD index, but the chlorophyll content of the flag leaf was reduced. The SPAD index values were more correlated with the nitrogen than the chlorophyll contents. Ax+GA+CK did not affect flag leaf characteristics in wheat plants.

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Genetic improvement in wheat yield and associated traits. A re‐examination of previous results and the latest trends

Cited by 186 publications

References 15 publications

Multienvironmental evaluation of wheat landraces by GGE Biplot Analysis for organic breeding

Multienvironmental evaluation of wheat landraces by GGE Biplot Analysis for organic breeding

Understanding grain yield responses to source–sink ratios during grain filling in wheat and barley under contrasting environments

Efeito da densidade de semeadura e de reguladores vegetais sobre os caracteres morfofisiológicos da folha bandeira do trigo

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