“…Historical (drainage changes, stream capture, glaciations) and contemporary (postnatal dispersal, ongoing gene flow, habitat loss) processes can contribute to a species' genetic population structure. For species with commercial or recreational value, management practices (population supplementation and interdrainage transfers) can significantly affect the species distribution and genetic population structure and can obscure historical patterns of structuring (e.g., White et al 2012). The Muskellunge Esox masquinongy is an important game species with a native distribution in the upper Mississippi River, Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers, Great Lakes, and the Hudson Bay drainage (Burr and Page 1986;Crossman and McAllister 1986;Starnes and Etnier 1986;Underhill 1986;Kerr 2011).…”