Genetic identity of annual and perennial forms of Zostera marina L.

Gagnon, P. S.; Vadas, Robert L.; Burdick, D.; May, Bernie

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(80)90047-9

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This mobilization of carbohydrate reserves accumulated during periods of abundant light availability represents an important strategy for survival of perennial seagrasses in temporally variable environments, and appears to be considerably more common than other strategies that include seasonal dormancy and annual life histories exhibited by populations found at the extremes ranges of eelgrass distribution (Keedy & Patriquin 1978, Gagnon et al 1980, Phillips and Backman 1983, Robertson & Mann 1984, Harrison 1993. Although low rates of photosynthesis resulted in negative carbon balances for both treatments throughout this study, the 2 h H,,, treatment imposed a severely short period of daily photosynthesis and belowground aerobiosis that led to plant death within 30 d despite consuming only 2 / 3 of the carbohydrate reserves stored in rhizomes of the dead plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass Zostera marina

Alcoverro¹,

Zimmerman²,

Kohrs³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

110

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This study evaluated the abihty ot Zostera marma L (eelgrass) to balance the daily photosynthetic deflc~t by mobilization of carbon reserves stored In below-ground tlssues durlng a period of extreme w n t e r llght lln~itation A quantitative understand~ng of the mobllizat~on process and its hmltatlons is essential to the development of robust models predict~ng mnimuni llght levels r e q u~r e d to nialntaln healthy seagrass populatlons Plants were grown m runnlng seawater tanks under 2 llght reglrnes One treatment was provlded wlth 2 h irradiance-saturated photosynthes~s (H,,,) to produce severe llght limitation, whlle control plants were grown under 7 h H,,, simulating the typical w~n t e rtune condition In Monterey Bay, California, USA Although plants maintained under 2 h H,,, were more severely carbon h m t e d than plants grown under 3 h H,,, whole-plant carbon balance calculated from metabohc needs and growth rates was negative for both Q,, treatments The eelgrass studied here responded to negative carbon balances by suppressing the product~on of new roots, depleting sucrose reserves and effecting a gradual decrease In growth rate a n d a n Increase In the activlty of sucrose synthase (SS, E C 2 4 1 13) in s~n k tlssues in the termnal stages of carbon stress The 3 h H,,, plants survlved the 45 d course of the expenment while the plants grown under 2 h H,,, died within 30 d even though one-thlrd of the11 carbon reserves remalned lmmobdized In the rhizome Thus extreme l~g h t llmitatlon can prevent full mob~llzation of carbon reserves stored in below-ground tissues probably through the effects of anoxla on translocation Metabolic rates, particularly photosynthesls and resplration of the shoot, were unaffected by prolonged carbon hrmtation in both treatments The patterns observed here can provide useful indices for assess~ng the state and fate of seagrass ecosystems in advance of catastrophic declines KEY WORDS: Seagrass Carbon balance . Resource a l l~c d l i~~n .Photosynthesis . Light

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass Zostera marina

Alcoverro¹,

Zimmerman²,

Kohrs³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

110

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Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Annual populations of Zostera marina produce only reproductive shoots which senesce at the end of the flowering period (Keddy & Patriquin, 1978, Gagnon et al 1980, De Cock 1981, Harlin et al 1982, Phillips et al 1983a, Robertson & Mann 1984, Santamaría-Gallegos et al 2000. The complete loss of biomass and survival of the population in seed form may provide a mechanism to escape stressful environmental conditions via the seed bank (Phillips et al 1983a, Robertson & Mann 1984, van Lent & Verschuure 1994, Santamaría-Gallegos et al 2000.…”

Section: Attributes Of a Mixed-annual Life Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After germinating, seedling growth in biennial populations occurred via clonal expansion only and flowering stem development and fruiting were not observed until after a period of 1 to 2 yr of growth (Setchell 1929;Thayer et al 1984). More recently an annual life history strategy has been described for Z. marina populations, where mature plants consist of reproductive (flowering) shoots only and all plants complete their life cycle (seeds germinate, flower, produce seeds) and die within 12 mo (Keddy & Patriquin, 1978, Gagnon et al 1980, De Cock 1981, Harlin et al 1982, Phillips et al 1983a, Robertson & Mann 1984, Santamaría-Gallegos et al 2000.Although they have been documented throughout the species' geographic distribution, annual forms of Zostera marina are primarily found in areas characterized by stressful environmental conditions such as ice scour (Robertson & Mann 1984), extreme temperatures (Phillips et al 1983a, Santamaría-Gallegos et al 2000, and interactions between physical disturbances such as grazers and strong storms (van Lent & Verschuure 1994). Phillips et al (1983a) suggested that the large annual population in the Gulf of California may have developed in response to recurring high summer water temperatures experienced at the southern limit of the species distribution.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species’ southern limit in the western North Atlantic

Jarvis¹,

Moore²,

Kenworthy³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations located near the species southern limit in the western North Atlantic were assessed monthly from July 2007 through November 2008. We identified (1) dominant life history strategies and local environmental conditions in southern Z. marina populations, (2) quantified differences in reproductive phenology between populations and different local environmental conditions, and (3) compared reproductive strategies to established annual and perennial life history paradigms. Observed populations expressed both life history strategies with one Z. marina population completely losing aboveground biomass and reestablishing from seeds (annual model) while another population retained aboveground biomass throughout the year (perennial model). A third life history strategy, characterized here as a mixed-annual population, was also observed after some seedlings were found to reproduce both sexually and asexually during their first year of growth thereby not conforming to any currently established life history paradigm. Development of multiple life history strategies within this region may be in response to stressful summer water temperatures associated with the southern edge of the species' range. We suggest that neither annual nor perennial life history strategies always provide a superior mechanism for population persistence as perennial populations can be susceptible to multiple consecutive years of stress, and annual populations are unable to fully exploit available resources throughout much of the year. The mixed-annual strategy observed here represents another possible life history model which may provide the mechanism necessary for Z. marina populations to persist during times of environmental transition.KEY WORDS: Zostera marina · Life-history · Annual · Perennial · Seed bank · Biomass Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 444: [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] 2012 populations have also been documented to express behavior similar to the biennial life history model (Setchell, 1929). After germinating, seedling growth in biennial populations occurred via clonal expansion only and flowering stem development and fruiting were not observed until after a period of 1 to 2 yr of growth (Setchell 1929;Thayer et al. 1984). More recently an annual life history strategy has been described for Z. marina populations, where mature plants consist of reproductive (flowering) shoots only and all plants complete their life cycle (seeds germinate, flower, produce seeds) and die within 12 mo (Keddy & Patriquin, 1978, Gagnon et al. 1980, De Cock 1981, Harlin et al. 1982, Phillips et al. 1983a, Robertson & Mann 1984, Santamaría-Gallegos et al. 2000.Although they have been documented throughout the species' geographic distribution, annual forms of Zostera marina are primarily found in areas characterized by stressful environmental conditions such as ice scour (Robertson & Mann 1984), extreme temperatures (Phillips...

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“…The few published studies of genetic variability in seagrass populations have led to conflicting generalizations about their genetic diversity and recruitment methods (McMillan, 1982(McMillan, , 1991Les, 1988;Fain et a!., 1992;Laushman, 1993;Alberte et a!., 1994;Waycott, 1995). Most of these studies have been conducted on monoecious and hermaphrodite seagrasses, principally the northern hemisphere species Zostera marina, using allozymes (Gagnon et a!., 1980;Laushman, 1993), RFLPs (Fain et a!., 1992) and DNA fingerprinting (Alberte et al, 1994). Zostera marina has genetically diverse populations which regenerate from a stored seed bank (Orth et a!., 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic uniformity in Amphibolis antarctica, a dioecious seagrass

1996

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Few detailed studies have been published on genetic variation in seagrasses except those on the monoecious Zostera marina L. or the hermaphrodite Posidonia australis Hook. f This paper presents allozyme, RFLP and reproductive biology data on Amphibolis antarctica (Labill.) Sonder & Aschers, one of the 75 per cent of all seagrass species which are dioecious.Collections were made from approximately one-third of the species range in Western Australia. Its only congener, A. gnfflthii (J. M. Black) den Hartog, was collected from one site to provide a comparison. Flowering was observed in 25 per cent of the shoots surveyed and the average sex ratio was 3.8: 1 (F:M) which it has been suggested indicates sexual reproduction. No genetic variation was found within or between populations at 14 allozyme loci. 18S RFLPs and M13 DNA fingerprinting gave few satisfactory results but also did not exhibit any variability. Allozyme variation was observed between A. antarctica and A. griffithii, the only congeneric species. The lack of allozyme and DNA variation within A. antarctica indicates a potentially low level of outbreeding, a highly clonal reproductive system or a very efficient genetic system in A. antarctica. The hypothesis that the dioecious reproductive system evolved in seagrasses to maximize outbreeding and genetic variability, proposed by several authors, is questioned in light of these data.

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Genetic identity of annual and perennial forms of Zostera marina L.

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass Zostera marina

Resource allocation and sucrose mobilization in light-limited eelgrass Zostera marina

Characterization and ecological implication of eelgrass life history strategies near the species’ southern limit in the western North Atlantic

Genetic uniformity in Amphibolis antarctica, a dioecious seagrass

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