Genetic Identity and Diversity of Apple Accessions within a Candidate Collection for the Norwegian National Clonal Germplasm Repository

Meland, Mekjell; Akšić, Milica Fotirić; Frøynes, O.; Konjić, Almira; Lasić, Lejla; Pojskić, Naris; Gaši, Fuad

doi:10.3390/horticulturae8070630

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Nevertheless, Marconi et al [ 10 ], assessing 175 accessions in Italy, and Ferreira et al [ 68 ], studying 87 accessions in Portugal, observed a mean value for the number of alleles per locus of 14.6 and 11.5 respectively. The observed heterozygosity averaged for the entire dataset (0.75) over the 23 SSR loci was exactly the same as reported by Meland et al [ 74 ], studying 171 accessions and using seven SSR markers also used in the present study (CH02c06, GD12, CH01h10, CH02c11, CH02d08, CH02c09, and CH01h01 markers). Moreover, the H 0 was higher than the 0.67 observed by Ferreira et al [ 68 ] but slightly lower than reported values of 0.78 [ 10 ], 0.83 [ 8 ], 0.76 [ 67 ], and 0.81 [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Population Structure and Association Mapping for Agronomical and Biochemical Traits of a Large Spanish Apple Germplasm

Mignard

Forcada

Giménez

et al. 2023

Plants

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A basic knowledge of linkage disequilibrium and population structure is necessary in order to determine the genetic control and identify significant associations with agronomical and phytochemical compounds in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh). In this study, 186 apple accessions (Pop1), representing both Spanish native accessions (94) and non-Spanish cultivars (92) from the EEAD-CSIC apple core collection, were assessed using 23 SSRs markers. Four populations were considered: Pop1, Pop2, Pop3, and Pop4. The initial Pop1 was divided into 150 diploid (Pop2) and 36 triploid accessions (Pop3), while for the inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium and the association mapping analysis, 118 phenotype diploid accessions were considered Pop4. Thus, the average number of alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity for the overall sample set (Pop1) were 15.65 and 0.75, respectively. The population structure analysis identified two subpopulations in the diploid accessions (Pop2 and Pop4) and four in the triploids (Pop3). Regarding the Pop4, the population structure with K = 2 subpopulations segregation was in agreement with the UPGMA cluster analysis according to the genetic pairwise distances. Moreover, the accessions seemed to be segregated by their origin (Spanish/non-Spanish) in the clustering analysis. One of the two subpopulations encountered was quite-exclusively formed by non-Spanish accessions (30 out of 33). Furthermore, agronomical and basic fruit quality parameters, antioxidant traits, individual sugars, and organic acids were assessed for the association mapping analysis. A high level of biodiversity was exhibited in the phenotypic characterization of Pop4, and a total of 126 significant associations were found between the 23 SSR markers and the 21 phenotypic traits evaluated. This study also identified many new marker-locus trait associations for the first time, such as in the antioxidant traits or in sugars and organic acids, which may be useful for predictions and for a better understanding of the apple genome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Population Structure and Association Mapping for Agronomical and Biochemical Traits of a Large Spanish Apple Germplasm

Mignard

Forcada

Giménez

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…The difference between the average numbers of detected and effective alleles obtained in our study is most likely due to the relatively high presence of rare alleles (135 alleles or 61.8%). A high presence of rare alleles can indicate that a large portion of the investigated germplasm has not been extensively used in breeding programs [12]. The average number of alleles per locus obtained in our study is very similar to the values reported by Sehic et al [23] (22.7) in a study on 76 Nordic plum accessions, maintained ex situ (germplasm collection, Balsgård in Sweden) and on farms (Southern Norway).…”

Section: Ssr Polymorphismsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In order to ensure long-term sustainability of the conservation process as well as to enhance the possibility of utilization, a central plum heritage cultivar collection was established in Ullensvang, Norway, in 2020. This approach was previously undertaken for the Norwegian apple germplasm [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of European Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Accessions from Norway Using ECPGR-Selected SSR Markers

Meland,

Frøynes,

Fotirić Akšić

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the conservation process of Norwegian plum germplasm, as well as to enhance the possibility of its utilization, a central plum heritage cultivar collection was established in 2020. In this study, 40 plum accessions maintained at the Ullensvang plum heritage cultivar collection were genetically characterized using a set of nine microsatellite markers recently approved by the ECPGR Prunus working group. The obtained molecular data were used to investigate the genetic identity, diversity, and structure among the analyzed accessions. No redundancies were detected among the plum accessions, which is in stark contrast to the previous molecular study on plum samples collected through an on-farm inventory of Southern Norway. Furthermore, the obtained data indicate that the Ullensvang collection contains a significant genetic diversity of Norwegian plum germplasm, previously held in decentralized sites. With that in mind, this collection can certainly be considered for the role of the National Clonal Plum Germplasm Repository. The nine microsatellite markers, recommended by ECPGR, revealed a genetic structure not entirely tied to previously proposed pomological groups, possibly indicating a history of hybridization among members of the various groups.

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“…Indeed, current Norwegian apple production is mostly targeted to the local population, for which all domestic fruits have an advantage over imported fruits. Due to the specific factors of apple production, growers rely on experiences from other countries, but mainly on numerous domestic scientific works that are trying to improve this type of production [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The aim of this article is to present some characteristics of Norwegian apple production related to specific ecological factors (climate and soil) in combination with current fertilization practices and fruit quality, which all together could contribute to better apple production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple Growing in Norway—Ecologic Factors, Current Fertilization Practices and Fruit Quality: A Case Study

Ličina,

Krogstad,

Fotirić Akšić

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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This paper presents some features of apple production in Norway, the northernmost apple-growing country in the world. Acceptable growing conditions prevail along the fjords in western Norway and around the lakes in eastern Norway at 60° north. These specific mesic climate conditions are associated with very long summer days (18 h daylight mid-summer) and short winter days (6 h daylight), with frost rarely occurring in the spring along the fjord areas. The present apple-growing technique in Norway is similar to that of other developed apple-growing countries, taking into account that all local growing phases involve a considerable delay in progress (1.5–2 months). Therefore, high-density planting systems based on the use of dwarf rootstocks (mainly M.9) with imported early maturing international apple cultivars are used in most orchards. The most common soil type has high organic matter content (2–18%), which persists due to the cool climate and low mineralization, and a clay content of <15%, which results from the formation of the soil from bedrock. The increase in average temperatures caused by current climatic changes leads to a complex combination of different physiological effects on apples, which can have positive or negative effects on the phenology of the trees. The main advantage of Norwegian apple production is that the quality and aroma of the fruit meet the current demands of the local market.

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Genetic Identity and Diversity of Apple Accessions within a Candidate Collection for the Norwegian National Clonal Germplasm Repository

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Population Structure and Association Mapping for Agronomical and Biochemical Traits of a Large Spanish Apple Germplasm

Population Structure and Association Mapping for Agronomical and Biochemical Traits of a Large Spanish Apple Germplasm

Genetic Characterization of European Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Accessions from Norway Using ECPGR-Selected SSR Markers

Apple Growing in Norway—Ecologic Factors, Current Fertilization Practices and Fruit Quality: A Case Study

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