Genetic heterogeneity of pestiviruses of ruminants in Switzerland

Stalder, Hanspeter; Meier, Ph.; Pfaffen, G.; Canal, Cláudio Wageck; Rüfenacht, J.; Schaller, P; Bachofen, Claudia; Marti, Sabrina; Vogt, Hans-Rudolf; Peterhans, Ernst

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.01.020

Cited by 123 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The BVDV-1 isolates were mostly of the 1f genetic group, followed in descending order by 1h, 1b, 1d, and 1g; no subtype 1a (which is highly prevalent in the UK and the USA) 22 was found. In the present study, the 3 BVDV isolates were subtyped as 1b, 1h, and 1e, which is in agreement with previous findings in Switzerland 18 and different from USA and UK isolates. These differences in BVDV subtypes circulating in various geographic locations might explain the differences in the distribution of the viral antigen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of Five Diagnostic Methods for Detecting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Calves

Hilbe¹,

Stalder

Peterhans

et al. 2007

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Five diagnostic techniques performed on skin biopsies (shoulder region) and/or serum were compared for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in 224 calves 0-3 months of age, 23 calves older than 3 months but younger than 7 months, and 11 cattle older than 7 months. The diagnostic methods used were immunohistochemistry (IHC), 2 commercial antigen ELISAs, 1 commercial antibody ELISA, and realtime RT-PCR. Results of 249 out of 258 skin and serum samples were identical and correlated within the 3 antigen detection methods and the real-time RT-PCR used. Twenty-six of these 249 samples were BVDVpositive with all antigen detection methods and the real-time RT-PCR. Nine out of 258 samples yielding discordant results were additionally examined by RT-PCR, RT-PCR Reamplification (ReA), and antigen ELISA I on serum and by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded skin biopsies. Virus isolation and genotyping was performed as well on these discordant samples. In 3 cases, transiently infected animals were identified. Two samples positive by real-time RT-PCR were interpreted as false positive and were ascribed to cross-contamination. The antigen ELISA II failed to detect 2 BVDV-positive calves due to the presence of maternal antibodies; the cause of 2 false-positive cases in this ELISA remained undetermined. Only persistently infected animals were identified in skin samples by IHC or antigen ELISA I. The 3 antigen detection methods and the real-time RT-PCR used in parallel had a high correlation rate (96.5%) and similar sensitivity and specificity values.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Comparison of Five Diagnostic Methods for Detecting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Calves

Hilbe¹,

Stalder

Peterhans

et al. 2007

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…The animals described were clinically healthy and persistently infected with a BDV-3 strain closely related to BDV-3 type species Gifhorn. BDV-3 isolates similar to the BDV-3 strains described in Austria were also found in sheep in Germany (Becher et al, 1999) and Switzerland (Stalder et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

BVDV control program in Austria - is a monitoring of the BDV status in sheep in Austria necessary?

Krametter-Froetscher¹,

Benetka²,

Rasser³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:In cattle referred to the Clinic of Ruminants at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna by local veterinarians from Lower Austria, the number of animals positive for antibodies against pestiviruses decreased from 11.9% in 2004 to 7.4% in 2007. In other Austrian regions the seroprevalence of 17.6% in 2004 dropped to 12.2% in 2007. The seroprevalence rates were considerably higher in older animals than in younger indicating a marked decrease of new infections (8.2% in < 1.5 years old animals, 6.8% in 1.5-4.5 years, 19.8% in 4.5-7.5 years and 33.3% in > 7.5 years). These data nevertheless also demonstrate that new pestivirus infections occur, although at a lower rate. We report the case of a calf persistently infected with Border disease virus-3 (BDV-3) detected in a mixed cattle and sheep farm with the status "BVDV-free". Earlier investigations have shown that BDV-3 is endemic in Austrian sheep populations and seems to be a potential risk factor for the reintroduction of pestiviruses in BVDV free cattle herds. Serological findings among the investigated sheep population showed in four out of nine sheep samples considerably higher titres to the BDV strain Moredun than to the BVDV strain NADL. Seroconversion against pestiviruses was also detected in contact cattle and the mother of the persistently infected calf. Pestivirus specific RNA was neither detected in the blood samples collected from the patients of the Clinic for Ruminants nor in the sheep or cattle investigated on the farm described.

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“…The virus was distantly related to BVDV-1/BVDV-2, and it was proposed as a prototype of a new pestivirus species (14,15). Hobi-like sequences have been repeatedly detected in commercial FCS batches (17,22,23), whereas there are few reports on natural infections (4,5,21,23) and clinical outbreaks (5). The virus has been recently detected in aborted bovine fetuses in Brazil, thus suggesting direct clinical implications (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although Hobi-like pestivirus was first isolated more than 7 years ago (19), cases of natural infection have been reported only sporadically (4,5,21,23), and thus far there is a single report on a clinical outbreak associated with this pestivirus (5). Hobi-like sequences were previously detected in two aborted bovine fetuses in Brazil, but clinical data were not provided, and the virus was not characterized in depth (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hobi-Like Pestivirus in Aborted Bovine Fetuses

Decaro¹,

Lucente²,

Mari³

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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An outbreak of abortion affecting multiparous cows was associated with Hobi-like pestivirus infection. Viral RNA and antigens were detected in the tissues of two aborted fetuses. Molecular assays for other common abortogenic agents tested negative. At the genetic level, the Hobi-like pestivirus displayed the closest relatedness to Italian, Australian, and South American viruses, whereas it diverged from the prototype Thai isolate. These findings may have important implications for the pestivirus control/ eradication programs in cattle herds. Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) are members of the genus Pestivirus (family Flaviviridae), responsible for a number of clinical signs, including subclinical infections, immunosuppression, acute diarrhea, respiratory disease, reproductive failures, and mucosal disease in persistently infected calves. Reproductive disorders caused by BVDVs vary according to the fetal age and include embryo death, abortion, mummification, congenital abnormalities, or stillbirths (2). Thus far, two different BVDV species have been recognized, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, that cocirculate in cattle herds worldwide (20). In 2004, an atypical pestivirus, strain D32/00_Hobi, was isolated from a contaminated batch of fetal calf serum (FCS) (19). The virus was distantly related to BVDV-1/BVDV-2, and it was proposed as a prototype of a new pestivirus species (14, 15). Hobi-like sequences have been repeatedly detected in commercial FCS batches (17,22,23), whereas there are few reports on natural infections (4, 5, 21, 23) and clinical outbreaks (5). The virus has been recently detected in aborted bovine fetuses in Brazil, thus suggesting direct clinical implications (4).Here, we report the isolation and genetic characterization of a Hobi-like strain detected from aborted fetuses in southern Italy. The abortion outbreak occurred in June 2011 in a cattle herd where a Hobi-like pestivirus-associated respiratory disease had been recently described (5). Abortion was observed in eight multiparous cows in a group of 270 lactating Holstein cows and occurred between the fourth and sixth months of pregnancy. The animals neither showed prodromal signs nor presented postabortion complications. Two aborted fetuses (280/11-A, 280/11-B) were sent to our laboratory, and tissue samples were collected from lungs, spleens, livers, kidneys, and placentas for diagnostic investigations. Nucleic acids were purified using the DNeasy tissue kit (Qiagen) and QIAamp RNeasy minikit (Qiagen). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and PCR assays were performed using SuperScript one-step RT-PCR for long templates (Life Technologies) and LA PCR kit version 2.1 (TaKaRa Bio Inc.), respectively. Positive and negative controls were processed in parallel to the screened samples. The samples tested negative by PCR for Chlamydophila spp. 3, 8). Conversely, the pestivirus genome was detected with two different 24), and the virus was characterized as Hobi-like by a species-specific nested PCR (7) (Fig. 1A). Viral titers, quantified by a TaqMan-based real...

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Genetic heterogeneity of pestiviruses of ruminants in Switzerland

Cited by 123 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of Five Diagnostic Methods for Detecting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Calves

Comparison of Five Diagnostic Methods for Detecting Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Calves

BVDV control program in Austria - is a monitoring of the BDV status in sheep in Austria necessary?

Hobi-Like Pestivirus in Aborted Bovine Fetuses

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