Genetic gain in grain yield and main agronomic traits of winter wheat during the past 90 years in Pannonian plain

Abstract

This study aimed to quantify the changes in grain yield and main agronomic traits in winter wheat cultivars registered during the past 90 years . A field trial with 18 winter wheat cultivars registered from 1930 to 2016 was conducted at the experimental field Rimiski šančevi during two growing seasons . The following agronomic traits were measured: grain yield, stem height, spike length, heading date, hectolitre mass, 1000 grain weight, and grain number per unit area . The results of this study showed that there was a significant genotypic effect on the studied traits . Du-ring the past 90 years, grain yield increased at rate of 50 kg ha -1 per year of cultivar release . Grain yield improvement was followed by stem height decrease (0 .4 cm per year of cultivar release) and earlier heading date in modern cultivars, which were 7 -8 days earlier than the older ones . Modern wheat cultivars were characterized by a higher grain number per unit area than the ol-der ones while during the past 90 years, the 1000 grain weight was not significantly related to the year of cultivar release . Further grain yield improvement should be related to a further increase of grain number per unit area while maintaining a higher 1000 grain weight.

Environment and Digestate Affect on the Oats Quality and Yield Parameters

“…The meteorological conditions, monthly precipitation and air temperatures for 2021 and 2022 during the trial were taken from the Hydro-meteorological service of Republic of Serbia, Pancevo (Table 1). Precipitation have a decisive influence on the yield components (Howarth et al, 2021;Lakić et al, 2021;2022a;2022b;Ljubičić et al, 2021;2023;Nikolić et al, 2022;Dražić et al, 2022;Rakaščan et al, 2021;Dimitrijević et al, 2022;Filipović et al, 2022;Milunović et al, 2022;Popović et al, 2011;2020a-b;Kosev et al, 2022). Average temperatures in the growing season were 19.25°C in 2021. and 19.03°C in 2022., while total precipitation in 2022 was 351.4 mm and it was higher by 23 mm then in 2021, figure 1.…”