Genetic fine structure and complementation at the albino locus in spider mites (Tetranychus species: Acarina)

Ballantyne, G. H.

doi:10.1007/bf01787359

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For Alb-NL, this result confirmed earlier findings and shows that the genetic architecture is unchanged in the more than 40 y the strain has been maintained in the laboratory. As revealed under high magnification and bright light, extremely faint red was apparent in the eyes of some otherwise albino F2 males, a previously reported phenotype attributed to maternal provisioning of carotenoids from phenotypically WT F1 mothers (30,32). It should be noted that, in one direction, the cross between Alb-NL and a WT strain (MAR-AB) gave a modest but statistically significant deviation from a 1:1 phenotypic ratio in F2 males (Table 1).…”

Section: Inheritance Of Albino Phenotypes and Genetic Complementationmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This body color change results from the accumulation of keto-carotenoids, like astaxanthin, which has been suggested to protect against stresses encountered during overwintering (28,29). Further, a rich collection of pigmentation mutants of known carotenoid content has been reported in T. urticae and its sister species Tetranychus pacificus (26,(30)(31)(32)(33). Albino mutants lack all pigmentation (body color and eyes), the lemon mutant accumulates β-carotene (and therefore is bright yellow), and white-eye mutants are unable to synthesize astaxanthin.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Disruption of a horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase abolishes carotenoid accumulation and diapause inTetranychus urticae

Bryon

Kurlovs

Dermauw

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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Carotenoids underlie many of the vibrant yellow, orange, and red colors in animals, and are involved in processes ranging from vision to protection from stresses. Most animals acquire carotenoids from their diets because de novo synthesis of carotenoids is primarily limited to plants and some bacteria and fungi. Recently, sequencing projects in aphids and adelgids, spider mites, and gall midges identified genes with homology to fungal sequences encoding de novo carotenoid biosynthetic proteins like phytoene desaturase. The finding of horizontal gene transfers of carotenoid biosynthetic genes to three arthropod lineages was unprecedented; however, the relevance of the transfers for the arthropods that acquired them has remained largely speculative, which is especially true for spider mites that feed on plant cell contents, a known source of carotenoids. Pigmentation in spider mites results solely from carotenoids. Using a combination of genetic approaches, we show that mutations in a single horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase result in complete albinism in the two-spotted spider mite, , as well as in the citrus red mite, Further, we show that phytoene desaturase activity is essential for photoperiodic induction of diapause in an overwintering strain of , consistent with a role for this enzyme in provisioning provitamin A carotenoids required for light perception. Carotenoid biosynthetic genes of fungal origin have therefore enabled some mites to forgo dietary carotenoids, with endogenous synthesis underlying their intense pigmentation and ability to enter diapause, a key to the global distribution of major spider mite pests of agriculture.

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Section: Inheritance Of Albino Phenotypes and Genetic Complementationmentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of a horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase abolishes carotenoid accumulation and diapause inTetranychus urticae

Bryon

Kurlovs

Dermauw

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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“…A positive point is that the mutation f (flamingo) shows linkage with the complex-locus a-p. The availability of this outside marker may be of value in mapping the different mutations of the a-p complex-locus (cf Ballantyne, 1969).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LINKAGE STUDIES IN THE PACIFIC SPIDER MITE TETRANYCHUS PACIFICUS II. GENES FOR WHITE EYEII, LEMON AND FLAMINGO

Helle

Zon

1970

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The linkage relationships between eight different loci in Tetranychus pacificus are presented. It appears that from the 20 two‐factor crosses studied, only two combinations show linkage. In 18 cases no linkage effects could be demonstrated, notwithstanding the considerable resolving power of recombinational analysis. Since T. pacificus has few chromosomes (n=3), the high recombination index is surprising and has to be explained by a high chiasmata‐frequency. Zusammenfassung KOPPELUNGS‐UNTERSUCHUNGEN BEI DER PAZIFISCHEN SPINNMILBE, TETRANYCHUS PACIFICUS. II. GENE FÜR WHITE EYE II, LEMON UND FLAMINGO. Die Koppelungs‐Verhältnisse zwischen 8 verschiedenen Genloci von Tetranychus pacificus McGregor werden dargestellt. Es scheint, daß von den 20 geprüften Zweifaktor‐Kreuzungen nur 2 Kombinationen Koppelung aufweisen. In 18 Fällen konnten keine Koppelungs‐Effekte nachgewiesen werden, ungeachtet der beträchtlichen Aussagckraft der Rekombinationsanalyse. Da T. pacificus nur wenige Chromosomen (n = 3) besitzt, ist der hohe Rekombinationsgrad überraschend. Er kann nur durch eine hohe Chiasmata‐Häufigkeit erklärt werden.

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“…Outcrossing experiments between different spider mite populations of the same species, often reveal partial reproductive isolation between such populations. Decreased genetic compatibility between different populations within species has been reported for Tetranychus urticae (Boudreaux, 1963;Helle & Pieterse, 1965), T. pacificus (Ballantyne, 1969), T. neocaledonicus (Gutierrez & Van Zon, 1973), T. lombardini (Helle & Overmeer, 1973) and Panonychus citri (Tanaka et al, 1969). Moreover, cases of complete interpopulationai reproductive incompatibility within a species or species complex have been found (Helle & Van de Bund, 1962;Dieleman & Overmeer, 1972;Gutierrez & Van Zon, 1973;Smith, 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PARTIAL REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF SPIDER MITES (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)

Overmeer

Zon

1976

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Partial reproductive incompatibility between spider mite populations of different origin is a common phenomenon. A comparative study was made of the characteristics of partial reproductive incompatibility both between various natural populations of Tetranychus urticae and between a laboratory strain and a number of chromosome mutation homozygous strains derived from it. Interpopulation crossing experiments were set up and percentages of nonviability assessed in the F1, the haploid F2, the B1 obtained from hybrids that had been mated with males of the original male parent stock and the B1 produced by hybrids that had been mated by males of the original female parent stock. In those cases where partial reproductive incompartibility between populations is due to different chromosome mutations similar degrees of nonviability were observed for the haploid F2 and the B1 generations belonging to it. With natural reproductive incompatibility the degree of lethality was highest in the haploid F2; the percentage nonviability was usually less for fertilized eggs, and especially when the eggs were fertilized by a gamete of a male of the same origin as the female parent of the hybrid. Differences in hybrid sterility between reciprocal crosses were often found. It is assumed that, although chromosome mutations may play a role in speciation of tetranychids, partial reproductive incompatibility between natural populations is mainly due to lethal recombinations of genes and interactions between cytoplasmic factors and genes of “alien” male gametes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG TEILWEISE FORTPFLANZUNGSUNVERTRÄGLICHKEIT (INKOMBATIBILITÄT) ZWISCHEN POPULA TIONEN VON SPINNMILBEN (A CARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) Teilweise Fortpflanzungsunverträglichkeit zwischen Spinnmilbenpopulationen verschiedener Herkunft ist ein häufiges Phänomen. In einer vergleichenden Studie wurden die Eigenschaften solcher Inkombatibilität sowohl zwischen natürlichten Populationen von Tetranychus urticae als auch zwischen einem Laborstamm und einigen von diesem hergeleiteten Stämme mit homozygoter Chromosomenmutation untersucht. Kreuzungsexperimente zwischen den Populationen wurden durchgeführt und Prozentsätze der Nichtlebensfähigen (= nicht schlüpfenden Eiern) bestimmt u. zw. in der F1, der haploiden F2, der B1, die von Hybriden erhalten wurde, die mit Männchen der ursprünglichen Elternzucht für Männchen gepaart waren und schließlich der B1, von Hybriden erzeugt, die gepaart waren mit Männchen der ursprünglichen Elternzucht für Weibchen. In den Fällen, wo die Inkombatibilität zwischen den Populationen verursacht wird durch verschiedene Chromosomenmutationen, wurde ein ähnliches Ausmaß der Nichtlebensfähigkeit beobachtet für die haploide F2 und die dazugehörigen B1‐Generationen. Bei natürlichen teilweiser Fortpflanzungsinkombatibilität war das Ausmaß der Lethalität am höchsten in der haploiden F2; der Prozentsatz Nichtlebensfähigkeit war gewöhnlich für befruchtete Eier geringer, besonders wenn die Eier befruchtet waren durch einen Gameten von einem Männchen der gleichen Herkunft...

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Genetic fine structure and complementation at the albino locus in spider mites (Tetranychus species: Acarina)

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Disruption of a horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase abolishes carotenoid accumulation and diapause inTetranychus urticae

Disruption of a horizontally transferred phytoene desaturase abolishes carotenoid accumulation and diapause inTetranychus urticae

LINKAGE STUDIES IN THE PACIFIC SPIDER MITE TETRANYCHUS PACIFICUS II. GENES FOR WHITE EYEII, LEMON AND FLAMINGO

PARTIAL REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF SPIDER MITES (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)

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