Genetic Factors Associated with Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Recent scientific findings indicate that hypertension is a largely genetically driven condition; one of today’s leading global health issues. There are many identified gene mutations associated with different aspects involving blood pressure control that lead to hypertension. More recently, certain specific genetic variants related to blood pressure control have been found using the modern techniques of genetic analysis that may assist in developing custom strategies to prevent and treat hypertension. The aim of this article is to highlight genetic aspects of hypertension and use them to establish individual therapy. It looks at the influence of genetic diversity on sodium resorption, skeletal muscle contraction, and drug pharmacokinetics. These studies indicate that GWAS has identified some genetic variants for hypertension and developed some genetic risk score (GRS) which can be used for prediction purpose. Therefore, genetic contribution is significant in establishing as well as sustaining high blood pressure. Knowledge about genetics regarding hypertension may change the way it is addressed on a person-by-person basis. Nevertheless, research needs to tackle the challenge of validating associations among diverse populations while developing a mechanism for translating genetic findings into clinical practice. Thus, we would enhance preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures for many people globally. Keywords: Hypertension; Genetic factors; Blood pressure regulation; Genome-wide association studies (GWAS); Personalized medicine approaches.