Genetic evidence for a western Chinese origin of broomcorn millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i>)

Hunt, Harriet V.; Rudzinski, Anna; Jiang, Hongen; Wang, Ruiyun; Thomas, Mark G.; Jones, Martin K.

doi:10.1177/0959683618798116

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…ernmost, easternmost, westernmost, and southernmost parts of the Yamnaya range, which yielded similar estimates of speed (SI Appendix, Table S2). The magnitude of the negative correlation coefficients between time and distance from origin can also be used to estimate the point of origin (8,37), assuming a range expansion for the YAM and NEOL ancestries. Indeed, when we altered the point of origin, we found that the most negative correlation coefficients corresponded to Anatolia and the Middle East for the NEOL ancestry and to the Caspian steppe for the YAM ancestry (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene

Racimo

Woodbridge

Fyfe

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The European continent was subject to two major migrations of peoples during the Holocene: the northwestward movement of Anatolian farmer populations during the Neolithic and the westward movement of Yamnaya steppe peoples during the Bronze Age. These movements changed the genetic composition of the continent’s inhabitants. The Holocene was also characterized by major changes in vegetation composition, which altered the environment occupied by the original hunter-gatherer populations. We aim to test to what extent vegetation change through time is associated with changes in population composition as a consequence of these migrations, or with changes in climate. Using ancient DNA in combination with geostatistical techniques, we produce detailed maps of ancient population movements, which allow us to visualize how these migrations unfolded through time and space. We find that the spread of Neolithic farmer ancestry had a two-pronged wavefront, in agreement with similar findings on the cultural spread of farming from radiocarbon-dated archaeological sites. This movement, however, did not have a strong association with changes in the vegetational landscape. In contrast, the Yamnaya migration speed was at least twice as fast and coincided with a reduction in the amount of broad-leaf forest and an increase in the amount of pasture and natural grasslands in the continent. We demonstrate the utility of integrating ancient genomes with archaeometric datasets in a spatiotemporal statistical framework, which we foresee will enable future studies of ancient populations’ movements, and their putative effects on local fauna and flora.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene

Racimo

Woodbridge

Fyfe

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Therefore, the explicit domestication area of broomcorn millet and its spread routes after its domestication remains the fundamentally controversial issue in the domestication study of this cereal. A recent genetic study based on microsatellite and granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) genotype data of cultivated broomcorn millet from pan Eurasian indicated that the Loess Plateau is one of the domestication areas of broomcorn millet, which spread westward via the Inner Asia Mountain Corridor [10]. However, the results did not rule out the possibility of the existence of other domestication areas of broomcorn millet [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Domestication and Spread of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Revealed by Phylogeography of Cultivated and Weedy Populations

Liu

et al. 2019

Agronomy

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Cultivated broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), one of the most ancient crops, has long been an important staple food in the semiarid regions of Eurasia. Weedy broomcorn millet (Panicum ruderale (Kitag.) Chang comb. Nov.), the companion weed of cultivated broomcorn millet, is also widely distributed throughout Eurasia and can produce fertile offspring by crossing with cultivated broomcorn millet. The evolutionary and genetic relationships between weedy and cultivated broomcorn millets, and the explicit domestication areas and detailed spread routes of this cereal are still unclear. The genetic diversity and population structure of 200 accessions of weedy and cultivated broomcorn millets were explored to elucidate the genetic relationship between weedy and cultivated broomcorn millets, and to trace the explicit domestication areas and detailed spread routes of broomcorn millets by using 23 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Our results show that the weedy populations in China may harbor the ancestral variations that gave rise to the domesticated broomcorn millet. The population structure pattern observed in the wild and domesticated broomcorn millets is consistent with the hypothesis that there may be at least two independent domestication areas in China for the cultivated broomcorn millet, the Loess Plateau and the Northeast China, with both following the westward spread routes. These two westward spread routes of cultivated broomcorn millet coincide exactly with the prehistoric Oasis Route and Steppe Route, respectively.

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“…Our re-examination of Usatovo millet impressions and Usatovo chronology permits more than one narrative. If both Usatovo millet impressions and Usatovo chronology are substantiated, this might indicate either a very early contact between Eurasian communities, or alternatively a domestication event in the west, although the latter is not supported by genetic evidence (Hunt et al 2018). If millet impressions are substantiated while Usatovo chronology is adjusted to accommodate the later dates excluded by Petrenko and Kaiser (2011), the time gap between Usatovo millet impressions and other early direct dated millet findings in the west of Altai might disappear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Re-examining millet impressions in Usatovo clay materials from NW Black Sea region, Ukraine

Pashkevich

Jones

2018

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The past decade has witnessed debates on the coherence of trans-Eurasian interaction into a particular episode, either the movement of 'cultural package' circulating around the 2nd millennium BC or a process more dispersed in time and space. Of particular are the very early published records of broomcorn and foxtail millet in Western Eurasia. Records of charred millet in Europe pre-dating the fifth millennium BC have been called into question using direct radiocarbon dating. The other component of the early millet evidence, impressions in ceramics, consequently becomes critical. In this article, we reexamine a key subassemblage of early millet impressions in Europe, specifically those found in Usatovo materials from NW Black Sea Region (Ukraine) as a case study to assess the authenticity of such identifications. We conclude that SEM examination of Usatovo samples reveals insufficient evidence for a secure identification of Panicum miliaceum although the void dimensions may be plausible. We also draw attention to features that could usefully be sought when examining impressions in the future.

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Genetic evidence for a western Chinese origin of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Cited by 26 publications

References 69 publications

The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene

The spatiotemporal spread of human migrations during the European Holocene

Domestication and Spread of Broomcorn Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Revealed by Phylogeography of Cultivated and Weedy Populations

Re-examining millet impressions in Usatovo clay materials from NW Black Sea region, Ukraine

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