Genetic evidence for a microtubule-capture mechanism during polar growth of <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>

Manck, Raphael; Ishitsuka, Yuji; Herrero, Saturnino; Takeshita, Norio; Nienhaus, G. Ulrich; Fischer, Reinhard

doi:10.1242/jcs.169094

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In addition, APC directly interacts with the formin mDia1 and stimulates actin assembly ( Okada et al, 2010 ). A functional homolog of APC and Kar9 is conserved in A. nidulans ( Manck et al, 2015 ), where a similar mechanism might be involved in the regulation of actin cable assembly in a microtubule-dependent manner. The putative mechanism would be a possible explanation for the longer actin cables in the alpA -deletion strain ( Figure 7C ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Actin Cables in Polarized Growth of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans

et al. 2016

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Highly polarized growth of filamentous fungi requires a continuous supply of proteins and lipids to the hyphal tip. This transport is managed by vesicle trafficking via the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons and their associated motor proteins. Particularly, actin cables originating from the hyphal tip are essential for hyphal growth. Although, specific marker proteins have been developed to visualize actin cables in filamentous fungi, the exact organization and dynamics of actin cables has remained elusive. Here, we observed actin cables using tropomyosin (TpmA) and Lifeact fused to fluorescent proteins in living Aspergillus nidulans hyphae and studied the dynamics and regulation. GFP tagged TpmA visualized dynamic actin cables formed from the hyphal tip with cycles of elongation and shrinkage. The elongation and shrinkage rates of actin cables were similar and approximately 0.6 μm/s. Comparison of actin markers revealed that high concentrations of Lifeact reduced actin dynamics. Simultaneous visualization of actin cables and microtubules suggests temporally and spatially coordinated polymerization and depolymerization between the two cytoskeletons. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of ordered polarized growth regulated by actin cables and microtubules.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Actin Cables in Polarized Growth of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans

et al. 2016

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“…In A. nidulans, astral MTs pull on each side of the mitotic spindle, causing spindle oscillations. In interphase, MT plus ends of the tip compartment are captured by the actin-myosin system and pulled toward the tip (150). This causes the focusing of the MT array at the tip, which may be important for fast hyphal extension and straight growth (66).…”

Section: The Fungal Cytoskeleton the Microtubule Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Morphogenesis, from the Polarized Growth of Hyphae to Complex Reproduction and Infection Structures

Riquelme

Aguirre

Bartnicki-García

et al. 2018

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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269

258

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SUMMARYFilamentous fungi constitute a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that grow by forming simple tube-like hyphae that are capable of differentiating into more-complex morphological structures and distinct cell types. Hyphae form filamentous networks by extending at their tips while branching in subapical regions. Rapid tip elongation requires massive membrane insertion and extension of the rigid chitin-containing cell wall. This process is sustained by a continuous flow of secretory vesicles that depends on the coordinated action of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons and the corresponding motors and associated proteins. Vesicles transport cell wall-synthesizing enzymes and accumulate in a special structure, the Spitzenkörper, before traveling further and fusing with the tip membrane. The place of vesicle fusion and growth direction are enabled and defined by the position of the Spitzenkörper, the so-called cell end markers, and other proteins involved in the exocytic process. Also important for tip extension is membrane recycling by endocytosis via early endosomes, which function as multipurpose transport vehicles for mRNA, septins, ribosomes, and peroxisomes. Cell integrity, hyphal branching, and morphogenesis are all processes that are largely dependent on vesicle and cytoskeleton dynamics. When hyphae differentiate structures for asexual or sexual reproduction or to mediate interspecies interactions, the hyphal basic cellular machinery may be reprogrammed through the synthesis of new proteins and/or the modification of protein activity. Although some transcriptional networks involved in such reprogramming of hyphae are well studied in several model filamentous fungi, clear connections between these networks and known determinants of hyphal morphogenesis are yet to be established.

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“…The A . nidulans SPBs polymerize mitotic spindle and astral MTs during mitosis (Manck et al ., ). In addition, SPBs are very active MTOCs during interphase and generate overlapping MT arrays within hyphal compartments because each compartment contains several nuclei (Morris and Enos, ; Suelmann et al ., ) with each having active MTOCs at their SPBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microtubule‐organizing centers of Aspergillus nidulans are anchored at septa by a disordered protein

Zhang

Gao

Manck

et al. 2017

Molecular Microbiology

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Microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) are large, multi-subunit protein complexes. Schizosaccharomyces pombe harbors MTOCs at spindle pole bodies, transient MTOCs in the division plane (eMTOCs) and nuclear-envelope associated MTOCs in interphase cells (iMTOCs). In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans SPBs and septum-associated MTOCs were described. Although comparable to S. pombe eMTOCs, A. nidulans sMTOCS are permanent septum-associated structures. The composition of sMTOCs is poorly understood and how they are targeted to septa was unknown. Here, we show that in A. nidulans several SPB outer plaque proteins also locate to sMTOCs while other SPB proteins do not, including SfiA, a protein required for SPB duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pombe and PcpA, the anchor for γ-TuSCs at the SPB inner plaque. The A. nidulans disordered protein Spa18 and the centrosomin-domain containing protein ApsB were required for recruiting the γ-TuRC component GcpC to sMTOCs and for seeding MT formation from septa. Testing different septum-associated proteins for a role in sMTOC function, Spa10 was identified. It forms a septal pore disc structure, recruits Spa18 and ApsB to septa and is required for sMTOC activity. This is the first evidence for a septum-specific protein, Spa10, as anchor for a specific class of MTOCs.

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Genetic evidence for a microtubule-capture mechanism during polar growth of Aspergillus nidulans

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Dynamics of Actin Cables in Polarized Growth of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans

Dynamics of Actin Cables in Polarized Growth of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans

Fungal Morphogenesis, from the Polarized Growth of Hyphae to Complex Reproduction and Infection Structures

Microtubule‐organizing centers of Aspergillus nidulans are anchored at septa by a disordered protein

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