Genetic evaluation of tidal swamp rice from South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on the agro-morphological markers

Abstract

Abstract. Mursyidin DH, Khairullah I. 2020. Genetic evaluation of tidal swamp rice from South Kalimantan, Indonesia based on the agro-morphological markers. Biodiversitas 21: 4795-4803. A total of 71 cultivars of the tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.), originated mainly from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, were evaluated agro-morphologically by using 26 qualitative and 13 quantitative traits. Based on these traits, this germplasm is generally low in diversity. However, three agro-morphological traits, namely the tillering abilities, seedling height, and diameter of the basal internode, shows the relatively highest diversity, shown by the Lakatan Putih, Pandak Putih, and Bayar Papuyu, respectively. The UPGMA and PCA revealed that this germplasm divided into six main clusters, where the sixth cluster is the largest with a total membership of 60 cultivars. The cluster analysis also revealed that Lakatan Siam is far separate from other cultivars. Thus, this finding might be useful in the future rice breeding programs, particularly in developing new rice cultivar for the tidal swamp areas.

Genetic diversity and relationship of Indonesian swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm based on agro-morphological markers

“…In this study, Indonesian swamp rice had low genetic diversity, for both qualitative (Table 1) and quantitative (Table 2) characters. This was consistent with Mursyidin and Khairullah (2020), particularly regarding the tidal swamp rice of South Kalimantan Indonesia. Compared to several other studies, such as Suriyagoda et al (2011); Rabara et al (2014) and Sinha et al (2015), this germplasm showed lower diversity.…”

“…Each value of H was standardized by conversion to a relative phenotypic diversity index (H′) by division by H max = ln(n) to express the H′ value in the range of 0-1. The level of this diversity was categorized as high (H′ > 0.60), moderate (0.40 ≤ H′ ≤ 0.60) or low (H′ < 0.40) (Mursyidin and Khairullah, 2020). Pearson correlations (r) among agro-morphological characters were analyzed using the Excel ver.…”

“…However, although this germplasm has typically low genetic diversity, two characters, namely flag leaf attitude (Table 1) and culm diameter at basal internode (Table 2), showed high diversity. According to Mursyidin and Khairullah (2020), those traits are the key to developing new superior rice cultivars. For example, flag leaf has played an essential role in the grain filling or yield potential of most cereals, such as wheat, barley, oats, triticale and rice (Al-Tahir, 2014).…”

“…Hence, this character is the main characteristic that distinguishes landrace rice from superior ones. Generally, the superior one has a relatively uniform direction of flag leaf growth, namely horizontal (Mursyidin and Khairullah, 2020).…”

“…On a local scale, determining the genetic diversity of this germplasm has been undertaken and revealed the complex interaction between the germplasm and the cultivation practices of farmers (Mursyidin et al, 2019;Mursyidin and Khairullah, 2020). On a global scale, such a study will provide an excellent overview of the population structure of germplasm (Roy et al, 2016).…”