Genetic Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus throughout Egypt

Ray, Stuart C.; Arthur, Ray R.; Carella, Anthony; Bukh, Jens; Thomas, David L.

doi:10.1086/315786

Cited by 336 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…In the current report, of 16 HCV genotype 4 transplant recipients, 13 (81%) were from Egypt, where genotype 4 has been reported to be present in 80% of chronic carriers. 21 In the present study, genotype 4 was associated with increased mortality and the development of HCV-related complications. Thirty-eight percent of patients with genotype 4 died during follow-up, and two thirds of these deaths were HCV-related, resulting from cholestatic hepatitis, HCV-related fibrosis, and graft cirrhosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Liver transplantation for HCV-associated liver cirrhosis: Predictors of outcomes in a population with significant genotype 3 and 4 distribution

Zekry

Whiting

Crawford

et al. 2003

Liver Transplantation

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End-stage liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is now the leading indication for liver transplantation in adults. However, reinfection of the graft is universal. We aimed to determine predictors of outcome of HCV-liver transplant recipients in the Australian and New Zealand communities. The following variables were analysed: demographic factors, coexistent pathology at the time of transplantation, HCV genotype, and donor age. Outcomes measures were: 1. mortality; 2. development of HCV-related complications, which were stage 3 or 4 fibrosis, or mortality from HCV-related graft failure, or both. Between January 1989 and December 30, 1999, 182 patients were transplanted for HCV-associated cirrhosis. The median follow-up period was 4 years (range, 0 to 13 years). Genotype data were available on 157 patients. The distribution of genotypes among the 157 patients was as follows: 36 (23%) genotype 1a, 30 (19%) genotype 1b, 4 (9%) genotype 1, 17 (11%) genotype 2, 41 (26%) genotype 3a, and 16 (10%) genotype 4. Eight (5%) patients were HCV-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative (but HCV-antibody-positive). Donor age and genotype 4 were associated with an increased risk of retransplantation or death (P < .001 and .05, respectively). Meanwhile, donor age, genotype 4, and pretransplant excess alcohol were risk factors for the development of HCV-related complications (P ‫؍‬ .004, .008, and .02, respectively). In contrast, patients with genotype 3a were less likely to develop HCV-related complications (P ‫؍‬ .05). In a population of HCV liver transplant recipients with a heterogeneous genotype distribution, donor age, and genotype 4, were predictors of a worse outcome, whereas genotype 3 was associated with a more favorable outcome. (Liver Transpl 2003;9:339-347.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Liver transplantation for HCV-associated liver cirrhosis: Predictors of outcomes in a population with significant genotype 3 and 4 distribution

Zekry

Whiting

Crawford

et al. 2003

Liver Transplantation

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“…25 For other specimens, genotype was determined by direct sequencing of RT-PCR products from the same Core-E1 region as previously described. 26 Sequences were aligned using ClustalX 27 and trimmed to equal length using BioEdit. 28 The GTRϩIϩG analytical model (with parameters pinvar ϭ 0.17 and alpha ϭ 0.8) was selected, using the AIC criterion as implemented in ModelTest version 3.06 29 and PAUP* version 4b10 (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA).…”

Section: Hcv Rna Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analyses of CD8+ T cell responses during longitudinal study of acute human hepatitis C

et al. 2005

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“…RNA for HCV genotyping was extracted from 100 µL of serum using the QIAamp Viral RNA kit (QIAGEN Inc, Valencia, CA). Reverse transcription and nested PCR was perfor med using primers to conserved regions of Core and E1 as previously described [41] . After purification with the QIAquick PCR Purification kit (QIAGEN Inc, Valencia, CA), samples were sequenced using the inner forward primer on an automated sequencer (PRISM, version 2.1.1; ABI, Foster City, CA).…”

Section: Hcv Rna Detection and Determination Of Hcv Serotypes And Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After purification with the QIAquick PCR Purification kit (QIAGEN Inc, Valencia, CA), samples were sequenced using the inner forward primer on an automated sequencer (PRISM, version 2.1.1; ABI, Foster City, CA). Sequences were compiled using the BioEdit program, version 4.7 (T. Hall, North Carolina State University, Raleigh) and genotypes were assigned after alignment with known HCV genotypes as previously described [41] . …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing a low rate of hepatitis C viral RNA clearance in heroin users from Southern China

Garten¹,

Lai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

WJG

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INTRODUCTIONThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic now affects over 200 million people worldwide. HCV is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus that is responsible for the majority of non-A-non-B hepatitis infections [1,2] . Natural history studies have found that 15%-59% of people who are infected with HCV will undergo spontaneous viral clearance with no further liver disease due to HCV [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The remaining will develop chronic HCV infection that can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for a liver transplant.The exact mechanism of HCV RNA clearance is not well understood although recent studies have shown that clearance is associated with strong, broad cellular immune responses [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Other factors such as younger age [3,20] , female gender [21,22] , presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [3,23] , certain HLA alleles [6,[24][25][26][27][28][29] , and low viral quasispecies diversity [30] have been linked to increased HCV RNA clearance. While African American ethnicity [3,25] , HCV genotype 1 [31][32][33] and co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) [3] , Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1 [34] and Schistosoma mansoni [35] have been associated with lower HCV RNA clearance and higher HCV RNA levels. Understanding why and how individuals clear HCV is the key to developing new drugs and an effective vaccine [21] .Studies of heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China have attributed the appearance and spread of HIV, HCV and other infectious agents to the change in heroin using patterns from smoking to injection [36] . Abstract AIM: To s t u d y t h e v i r o l o g i c a l a n d h o s t fa c t o r s influencing hepatitis C infection outcomes in heroin users in southern China. METHODS:HCV RNA and associated factors were analyzed among 347 heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China who were hepatitis C virus (HCV) EIA positive for two or more consecutive visits. RESULTS:Using the COBAS AMPLICOR HCV TEST, a remarkably low HCV RNA negative rate of 8.6% was detected. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, HCV RNA clearance was significantly associated with the presence of HBsAg (OR = 8.436, P < 0.0001), the lack of HIV-1 infection (OR = 0.256, P = 0.038) and age younger than 25 (OR = 0.400, P = 0.029). CONCLUSION:Our study suggests HCV infection among Chinese heroin users results in high levels of viral persistence even amidst factors previously found to enhance viral clearance. Prospective studies of a possible genetic component within the Chinese population and the pathogenicity of non-genotype 1 HCV infections are needed. heroin trafficking routes into the province [37,38] . It is not clear how widespread the HCV epidemic is in China. Little seroprevalence data exists, mostly from the major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong and to our knowledge; no studies on HCV RNA clearance in China have been done. Studies in Yunnan Province, which borders Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous...

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Genetic Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus throughout Egypt

Cited by 336 publications

References 74 publications

Liver transplantation for HCV-associated liver cirrhosis: Predictors of outcomes in a population with significant genotype 3 and 4 distribution

Liver transplantation for HCV-associated liver cirrhosis: Predictors of outcomes in a population with significant genotype 3 and 4 distribution

Comprehensive analyses of CD8+ T cell responses during longitudinal study of acute human hepatitis C

Factors influencing a low rate of hepatitis C viral RNA clearance in heroin users from Southern China

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