Genetic Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD Index) in Adults

Boomsma, Dorret I.; Saviouk, Viatcheslav; Hottenga, Jouke‐Jan; Distel, Marijn A.; Moor, Marleen H. M. de; Vink, Jacqueline M.; Geels, Lot M.; Beek, Jenny H. D. A. van; Bartels, Meike; Geus, Eco J. C. de; Willemsen, Gonneke

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010621

Cited by 122 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…First, reports of childhood/adolescent behavior were retrospective and might have been subject to recall bias; this could account for the fact that our heritability estimates of ADHD factors were lower than previous studies (Faraone et al, 2005), most of which reported estimates greater than or equal to 0.6. However, our estimate is in agreement with others from retrospective reports (Haberstick et al, 2008) and with an estimate of the heritability of adult ADHD (Boomsma et al, 2010). In addition, assessments from other reporters (parents, teachers) could reduce error in the measure of adolescent behavior; such reports are unavailable for this sample.…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Twin Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Adult Alcohol Dependence

Edwards

Kendler

2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Adolescent problem behaviors such as conduct disorder and attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often associated with alcohol problems in adulthood, particularly alcohol dependence. This association is partly a result of shared genetic liability. However, it is unclear whether ADHD, or an ADHD subtype, shares genetic infl uences with alcohol dependence beyond those also shared by conduct disorder. Method: We evaluated phenotypic associations between adolescent conduct disorder and ADHD phenotypes with adult alcohol dependence in a population-based sample of adult male twins (N = 1,774). We then assessed genetic and environmental relationships among phenotypes using structural equation modeling. Results: Individually, conduct disorder and each ADHD factor were associated with adult alcohol dependence. Results from twin modeling indicate that a genetic factor common to conduct disorder and ADHD also loads strongly onto alcohol dependence. Even after controlling for genetic factors shared with conduct disorder and other ADHD factors, the hyperactivity component of ADHD shared signifi cant residual genetic infl uences with alcohol dependence. Conclusions: Most of the genetically mediated association between adolescent ADHD and adult alcohol dependence is shared with conduct disorder, refl ecting a generalized risk to externalizing behaviors. The signifi cant residual genetic covariance between the ADHD factor hyperactivity/impulsivity and alcohol dependence implies that impulsive behaviors less destructive/harmful than those manifested by conduct disorder can be indicative of genetic risk for adult alcohol dependence. However, the ADHD factors inattention and forgetfulness are not uniquely predictive of genetic/environmental risk for alcohol dependence. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 185-194, 2012)

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Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Twin Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Adult Alcohol Dependence

Edwards

Kendler

2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…For instance, an increasing number of stressful life events increase the risk for anxiety disorders (Blazer et al 1987), which may deflate the phenotypical correlation and increase the non-shared environmental factors. The heritability of ADHD has indeed been found to be substantially lower in adulthood than in childhood in other studies (Boomsma et al 2010), indicating that unique environmental influences act in concert with the genotype. Of note, the proportion of unique environmental factors operating across ALTs and ADHD traits and across ALTs and anxiety traits was higher in adults than in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nationwide twin cohorts of children and adults

et al. 2011

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Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nationwide twin cohorts of children and adults.Lundström, Sebastian; Chang, Z; Kerekes, Nora; Gumpert, C H; Råstam, Maria; Gillberg, C; Lichtenstein, P; Anckarsäter, Henrik Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lundström, S., Chang, Z., Kerekes, N., Gumpert, C. H., Råstam, M., Gillberg, C., ... Anckarsäter, H. (2011). Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nationwide twin cohorts of children and adults. Psychological Medicine, 41(11), 2423-2433. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711000377General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Background. Autistic-like traits (ALTs), that is restrictions in intuitive social interaction, communication and flexibility of interests and behaviors, were studied in two population-based Swedish twin studies, one in children and one in adults : (1) to examine whether the variability in ALTs is a meaningful risk factor for concomitant attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, conduct problems, depression and substance abuse, and (2) to assess whether common genetic and environmental susceptibilities can help to explain co-existence of ALTs and traits associated with such concomitant problems.Method. Two nationwide twin cohorts from Sweden (consisting of 11 222 children and 18 349 adults) were assessed by DSM-based symptom algorithms for autism. The twins were divided into six groups based on their degree of ALTs and the risk for concomitant mental health problems was calculated for each group. Genetic and environmental susceptibilities common to ALTs and the other problem types were examined using bivariate twin modeling.Results. In both cohorts, even the lowest degree of ALTs increased the risk for all other types of mental health problems, and these risk estimates increased monotonically with the number of ALTs. For all conditions, common genetic and environmental factors could be discerned. Overall, the phenotypic correlation between ALTs and the traits examined were less pronounced in adulthood than in childhood and less affected by genetic compared with environmental factors.Conclusions. Even low-grade ALTs are relevant to clinical psychiatry as they increase the risk for several heterotypical mental health problems. The association is influenced partly by common genetic and environmental susceptibilities. Attention to co-existing ALTs is warranted in research on a wide range of mental ...

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“…However studies of twin studies of self-rated ADHD symptoms among adult population report lower estimates of heritability of around 30-40%. 42,43 There were no gender differences observed in the heritability estimates. Adoption studies show that ADHD is passed on only to biological relatives, which strongly suggests genetic factors playing a significant role causing high familial risk of the disease.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Clinical Features and Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a short review

Gill

Bhatt

2016

Int J Adv Med

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of 4 to 8%. ADHD is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inappropriate inattentiveness. Though long considered a disease of childhood, studies have shown that a majority of cases persist in adulthood causing significant psychosocial impairment. Diagnosis is often based on clinical symptoms, and psychostimulants are mainstay in treatment of ADHD that are often complemented by psychotherapy and behavioural modifications.

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Genetic Epidemiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD Index) in Adults

Cited by 122 publications

References 44 publications

Twin Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Adult Alcohol Dependence

Twin Study of the Relationship Between Adolescent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Adult Alcohol Dependence

Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nationwide twin cohorts of children and adults

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a short review

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