Genetic Engineering for Improved Xylose Fermentation by Yeasts

Jeffries, Thomas W.; Shi, Nian‐Qing

doi:10.1007/3-540-49194-5_6

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 266 publications

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“…The list mainly encompasses yeasts that are unable to produce ethanol in the presence of fermentable sugars under strictly aerobic conditions (Crabtree-negative). Pichia stipitis has the characteristics of a Crabtree-negative yeast (Passoth et al, 1996;Jeffries and Shi, 1999) and it possesses both CYT and STO respiration systems in its mitochondria (Jeppsson et al, 1995;Shi et al, 1999;Shi, 2000). Oxygen limitation, rather than the increase of metabolites in the lower part of SHAM-sensitive alternative respiration in Pichia stipitis 1205 glycolysis, induces the onset of ethanol formation in P. stipitis (Bruinenberg et al, 1984;Alexander and Jeffries, 1990;Cho and Jeffries, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHAM‐sensitive alternative respiration in the xylose‐metabolizing yeast Pichia stipitis

Shi

Cruz

Sherman

et al. 2002

Yeast

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SHAM-sensitive (STO) alternative respiration is present in the xylose-metabolizing, Crabtree-negative yeast, Pichia stipitis, but its pathway components and physiological roles during xylose metabolism are poorly understood. We cloned PsSTO1, which encodes the SHAM-sensitive terminal oxidase (PsSto1p), by genome walking from wild-type CBS 6054 and subsequently deleted PsSTO1 by targeted gene disruption. The resulting sto1-deletion mutant, FPL-Shi31, did not contain other isoforms of Sto protein that were detectable by Western blot analysis using an alternative oxidase monoclonal antibody raised against the Sto protein from Sauromatum guttatum. Levels of cytochromes b, c, c 1 and a·a 3 did not change in the sto1-mutant, which indicated that deleting PsSto1p did not alter the cytochrome pool. Interestingly, the sto1-deletion mutant stopped growing earlier than the parent and produced 20% more ethanol from xylose. Heterologous expression of PsSTO1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased its total oxygen consumption rate and imparted cyanide-resistant oxygen uptake but did not enable growth on ethanol, indicating that PsSto1p is not coupled to ATP synthesis. We present evidence that the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (Complex I) was present in wild-type CBS 6054 but was bypassed in the cells during xylose metabolism. Unexpectedly, deleting PsSto1p led to the use of Complex I in the mutant cells when xylose was the carbon source. We propose that the non-proton-translocating NAD(P)H dehydrogenases are linked to PsSto1p in xylose-metabolizing cells and that this non-ATP-generating route serves a regulatory function in the complex redox network of P. stipitis. Published in

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHAM‐sensitive alternative respiration in the xylose‐metabolizing yeast Pichia stipitis

Shi

Cruz

Sherman

et al. 2002

Yeast

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“…This process was feasible, given that S. cerevisiae was able to grow and ferment xylulose. However, the considerable activity of xylose isomerase was not fulfilled in the overexpressing strain, probably due to protein misfolding [76,77]. Moreover, if a little amount of the XI protein was properly folded and was active, the competitive inhibitor xylitol would be formed [130].…”

Section: Xylose Isomerase Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, Pichia stipitis, C. shehatae, and Pachysolen tannophilus attract a lot of attention as the best known natural xylose-fermenting yeasts [73][74][75]. Although the technical and economical biotransformation of pentoses sugars to ethanol are still challenging [12,[76][77][78][79], many achievements in genetic engineering have been done to ferment arabinose and xylose to lactic acid and ethanol. Technical, economic, and political considerations are the driving force for improving the fermentation of xylose to ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol a Microbial Biofuel Metabolite; New Insights of Yeasts Metabolic Engineering

et al. 2018

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Scarcity of the non-renewable energy sources, global warming, environmental pollution, and raising the cost of petroleum are the motive for the development of renewable, eco-friendly fuels production with low costs. Bioethanol production is one of the promising materials that can subrogate the petroleum oil, and it is considered recently as a clean liquid fuel or a neutral carbon. Diverse microorganisms such as yeasts and bacteria are able to produce bioethanol on a large scale, which can satisfy our daily needs with cheap and applicable methods. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis are two of the pioneer yeasts in ethanol production due to their abilities to produce a high amount of ethanol. The recent focus is directed towards lignocellulosic biomass that contains 30-50% cellulose and 20-40% hemicellulose, and can be transformed into glucose and fundamentally xylose after enzymatic hydrolysis. For this purpose, a number of various approaches have been used to engineer different pathways for improving the bioethanol production with simultaneous fermentation of pentose and hexoses sugars in the yeasts. These approaches include metabolic and flux analysis, modeling and expression analysis, followed by targeted deletions or the overexpression of key genes. In this review, we highlight and discuss the current status of yeasts genetic engineering for enhancing bioethanol production, and the conditions that influence bioethanol production.

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“…A recent report highlighted the promise of H. polymorpha in biomass conversion when strains were constructed that could ferment starch and xylan [47]. Pichia stipitis is one of the best-studied xylose-fermenting yeasts and has a substrate range including all the monomeric sugars present in lignocellulose [48]. Some P. stipitis strains produce low quantities of various cellulases and hemicellulases, among which is a b-glucosidase that allows the yeast to ferment cellobiose; however, P. stipitis cannot use polymeric cellulose as a carbon source [49].…”

Section: Engineering Cellulolytic Ability Into Eukaryotic Process Orgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation cellulosic ethanol technologies and their contribution to a sustainable Africa

et al. 2011

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The world is currently heavily dependent on oil, especially in the transport sector. However, rising oil prices, concern about environmental impact and supply instability are among the factors that have led to greater interest in renewable fuel and green chemistry alternatives. Lignocellulose is the only foreseeable renewable feedstock for sustainable production of transport fuels. The main technological impediment to more widespread utilization of lignocellulose for production of fuels and chemicals in the past has been the lack of low-cost technologies to overcome the recalcitrance of its structure. Both biological and thermochemical second-generation conversion technologies are currently coming online for the commercial production of cellulosic ethanol concomitantly with heat and electricity production. The latest advances in biological conversion of lignocellulosics to ethanol with a focus on consolidated bioprocessing are highlighted. Furthermore, integration of cellulosic ethanol production into existing bio-based industries also using thermochemical processes to optimize energy balances is discussed. Biofuels have played a pivotal yet suboptimal role in supplementing Africa's energy requirements in the past. Capitalizing on sub-Saharan Africa's total biomass potential and using second-generation technologies merit a fresh look at the potential role of bioethanol production towards developing a sustainable Africa while addressing food security, human needs and local wealth creation.

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Genetic Engineering for Improved Xylose Fermentation by Yeasts

Cited by 53 publications

References 266 publications

SHAM‐sensitive alternative respiration in the xylose‐metabolizing yeast Pichia stipitis

SHAM‐sensitive alternative respiration in the xylose‐metabolizing yeast Pichia stipitis

Bioethanol a Microbial Biofuel Metabolite; New Insights of Yeasts Metabolic Engineering

Next-generation cellulosic ethanol technologies and their contribution to a sustainable Africa

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