Genetic Elements Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance Among Intestinal Bacteria

Bakhshi, Bita; Eftekhari, Nazanin; Pourshafie, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.5812/jjm.9924

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Class 1 integron was predominant among EPEC isolates, and significantly associated with MDR ( P < 0.05) as shown in Table 4. There are studies which also reported association between MDR and integrons (Bakhshi et al, 2014; Kargar et al, 2014; Malek et al, 2015). Occurrence of gene cassettes in our study was different in terms of number and gene combinations as reported by many other researchers (White et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Integrons and Phylogenetic Groups among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Children <5 Years of Age in Delhi, India

et al. 2017

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Integrons by means of horizontal gene transfer carry multidrug resistance genes (MDR) among bacteria, including E. coli. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles and the genes associated with them, to gain insights in the distribution of phylogroups, prevalence, and characterization of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons among Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) isolates, from children upto 5 years of age from Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR), India. A total of 120 E. coli isolates, including 80 from diarrheagenic E. coli (cases) and 40 from healthy isolates (controls) were recruited in this study. After isolation of E. coli, screening for EPEC was done by conventional multiplex PCR. Antibiotic suseptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method and further confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) by E-test. The presence and characterization of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Phylogeny determination was carried out by quadruplex PCR. EPEC strains were found in 64 of the 80 diarrheagenic cases, out of which 38 were MDR. In the 40 healthy controls, 23 were found to be EPEC strain, out of which only 2 were MDR. Amongst 80 diarrheagenic cases, class 1 integron were observed in 43 isolates, class 2 integron in 12 isolates and 9 isolates were found with co-existence of both. Similarly, in healthy controls; class 1 integron in 9 and class 2 integron in 7 isolates were observed with co-existence in 3 isolates. None of the isolates included class 3 integron. The dfr was the most commonly identified gene cassette within the integron-positive isolates. Phylogenetic studies showed considerable representation of phylogroup B2 in both diarrheagenic cases and healthy controls. This study reiterates the importance of class 1 integron predominantly for acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes among EPEC isolates. Furthermore, it also ascertains the possible association between multidrug resistance and presence of integrons. Approximately 91% of isolates were easily assigned to their respective phylogroups. Assessment of the relationship between antibiotic resistance and dominant phylogroups detected was also attempted. This study also highlights the increased burden of antimicrobial resistance in healthy controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Integrons and Phylogenetic Groups among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Children <5 Years of Age in Delhi, India

et al. 2017

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“…The genus Shigella comprises four species: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei. Of these species, shigellosis is predominantly caused by S. flexneri in developing countries, especially in Asia, whereas S. sonnei is predominant in industrialized countries (2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Shigella Species Isolated From Pediatric Patients in Tehran

Talebreza

Memariani

et al. 2015

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Dysentery accounts for a significant proportion of morbidity and mortality cases, especially in children with diarrhea in developing countries. Shigellosis remains a public health problem in Iran. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence and the frequency of Shigella spp. among children younger than 10 years with diarrhea and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these isolates in Tehran, Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two pediatric hospitals in Tehran, from October, 2013 to October, 2014. Nine hundred and thirty-eight (n = 938) stool samples were collected (one stool per patient) from children less than 10 years of age. The stools were primarily cultured on MacConkey agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD). (Selenite-F broth is also used as an enrichment medium for the isolation of Shigella spp.) All of the isolates were confirmed as Shigella species by biochemical and serological tests. Molecular confirmation of Shigella isolates was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for the ipaH gene. The antibiotic susceptibility of the Shigella isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion method. Results: Amongst 938 stool samples, 36 were Shigella spp. S. sonnei (61.1%, n = 22), which was the most common, followed by S. flexneri (27.8%, n = 10), S. boydii (8.3%, n = 3), and S. dysenteriae (2.8%, n = 1). Furthermore, most Shigella isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin (83.3%), tetracycline (61.1%), and co-trimoxazole (83.3%). No resistance was found against ciprofloxacin and imipenem. This study showed that S. sonnei is currently the predominant species in Tehran, Iran. Conclusions: Because resistance to antibiotics changes constantly, Shigella strains should be under surveillance in order to monitor local susceptibility and subsequently formulate policies for the use of antimicrobial drugs.

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“…[32] This is in sharp contrast to much lower sensitivity (8.3%) to amikacin in non-O, non-O139 V. cholerae reported by Bakhshi in Iran. [31] Among the antimicrobials we studied, the highest percentage of resistance was observed for ampicillin. Bravo in Cuba and Dutta in India found 55.5% of V. cholerae isolates resistant to ampicillin, [9,33] slightly lower than the 60% observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] There was a high frequency of sensitivity to tetracycline, although somewhat less than the 100% published by Bakhshi in Iran in 2014. [31] In Cuba, Bravo found 98% of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae isolates were sensitive to tetracycline in a 10-year study (1996 2005). [8] Aminoglycosides are a class of commonly used antimicrobials effective in clinical practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolates

2017

MEDICC Review

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Genetic Elements Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance Among Intestinal Bacteria

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Distribution of Integrons and Phylogenetic Groups among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Children <5 Years of Age in Delhi, India

Distribution of Integrons and Phylogenetic Groups among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Children <5 Years of Age in Delhi, India

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Shigella Species Isolated From Pediatric Patients in Tehran

Determinants of Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolates

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