Genetic Effects of Marijuana

Zimmerman, Selma; Zimmerman, Arthur M.

doi:10.3109/10826089009067003

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In human studies, researchers have noted an increase in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene mutations, which is used as a model gene to investigate gene mutations, in the lymphocytes of marijuana-smoking mothers and their newborns [6] and an increase in DNA strand breaks in macrophages lavaged from the lungs of marijuana smokers [7]. Marijuana smoke condensates (MSCs) have been shown to be mutagenic in Ames test, and induction of cytogenetic changes in mammalian cells following exposure to MSCs has been observed both in vivo and in vitro [8,9]. There have been several explanations for the toxic mechanisms caused by marijuana smoke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of p53 in Marijuana Smoke Condensates-induced Genotoxicity and Apoptosis

Kim

Son

Lee

et al. 2012

Environ Health Toxicol

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ObjectivesMarijuana is one of the most frequently abused drug in Korea and its adverse health effects are controversial. p53 is known to be crucial in regulating the DNA damage responses, and adverse effects can occur when it is regulated by marijuana smoke. We evaluated a role of p53 on genotoxic effect and apoptosis in lung cancer cells exposed to marijuana smoke condensates (MSCs).MethodsThe p53-related genotoxicity and apoptosis of MSCs were evaluated using in vitro bioassay, viz., comet assay, cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and apoptosis assay. We used two cell lines with differential p53 expression (p53-wildtype (WT) H460 and p53-null H1299).ResultsMSCs significantly increased DNA breakages and chromosomal changes in p53-WT H460 and p53-null H1299 cells. The genotoxicity induced by MSCs in p53-null H1299 cells showed greater sensitivity than p53-WT H460 cells. Moreover, MSCs showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis. The apoptotic responses induced by MSCs were higher in p53-WT H460 cells than in p53-null H1299 cells. Significantly increased mRNA expression or apoptosis related genes, including p53, caspase-3, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were observed in the p53-WT H460 cells exposed to MSCs.ConclusionsThese results suggest that MSCs induce DNA/chromosomal damages and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells and p53 plays an important role in the cellular response to MSCs. The present study may have border implications for our understanding of pulmonary diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of p53 in Marijuana Smoke Condensates-induced Genotoxicity and Apoptosis

Kim

Son

Lee

et al. 2012

Environ Health Toxicol

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“…Additionally, animal studies have shown that marijuana exposure affects somatic and germ cells through mutations, deletions, translocations, and other aberrations (Zimmerman andZimmerman, 1990 -1991); the genetic effect of marijuana exposure on somatic cells has also been shown in humans (Ammenheuser et al, 1998). Marijuana use has been associated with low birth weight and other adverse fetal growth parameters in several human studies (Tennes et al, 1985;Hatch and Bracken, 1986;Day et al, 1991), but reported associations between marijuana and birth defects have been inconclusive (Hingson et al, 1982;Gibson et al, 1983;Qazi et al, 1985;O'Connell and Fried, 1984;Zuckerman et al, 1989;Fried, 1991;Torfs et al, 1994).…”

Section: Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal lifestyle factors and risk for ventricular septal defects

Williams

Correa

Rasmussen

2004

Birth Defects Research

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“…Marijuana and its constitutive cannabinoids, including THC, cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD), have been shown to markedly induce cytogenetic changes in both in vivo and in vitro mammalian cells (reviewed in Zimmerman and Zimmerman, 1991). These aberrations include chromosomal breaks, deletions, translocations, errors in chromosomal segregation and hypoploidy.…”

Section: Cannabis and Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic toxicology of abused drugs: a brief review

Lin

1998

Mutagenesis

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Although numerous studies have been conducted on abused drugs, most focus on the problems of addiction (dependence) and their neurotoxicities. Now accumulated data have demonstrated that the genotoxicity and/or carcinogenicity of abused drugs can also be detrimental to our health. In this review, commonly abused substances, including LSD, opiates (diacetylmorphine, morphine, opium and codeine), cocaine, cannabis, betel quid and khat, are discussed for their potential genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. The available literature in the field, although not as abundant as for neurotoxicity, clearly indicates the capability of abused drugs to induce genotoxicity.

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Genetic Effects of Marijuana

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

The Role of p53 in Marijuana Smoke Condensates-induced Genotoxicity and Apoptosis

The Role of p53 in Marijuana Smoke Condensates-induced Genotoxicity and Apoptosis

Maternal lifestyle factors and risk for ventricular septal defects

Genetic toxicology of abused drugs: a brief review

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