Genetic effects of harvest on wild animal populations

Allendorf, Fred W.; England, Phillip R.; Luikart, Gordon; Ritchie, Peter A.; Ryman, Nils

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.02.008

Cited by 544 publications

(597 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Harvesting and domestication can reduce the size of wild populations and thereby alter genetic variation in many of the ways described above (e.g., Allendorf, England, Luikart, Ritchie, & Ryman, 2008; Harris, Wall, Allendorf, Harris, & Wall, 2002). However, many harvested and domesticated species are abundant enough that the problems associated with a small population size are often negligible.…”

Section: Human Activities Dramatically Influence Crucial Aspects Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation

Mimura

Yahara

Faith

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

162

186

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Intraspecific variation is a major component of biodiversity, yet it has received relatively little attention from governmental and nongovernmental organizations, especially with regard to conservation plans and the management of wild species. This omission is ill‐advised because phenotypic and genetic variations within and among populations can have dramatic effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, including responses to environmental change, the maintenance of species diversity, and ecological stability and resilience. At the same time, environmental changes associated with many human activities, such as land use and climate change, have dramatic and often negative impacts on intraspecific variation. We argue for the need for local, regional, and global programs to monitor intraspecific genetic variation. We suggest that such monitoring should include two main strategies: (i) intensive monitoring of multiple types of genetic variation in selected species and (ii) broad‐brush modeling for representative species for predicting changes in variation as a function of changes in population size and range extent. Overall, we call for collaborative efforts to initiate the urgently needed monitoring of intraspecific variation.

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Section: Human Activities Dramatically Influence Crucial Aspects Of Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation

Mimura

Yahara

Faith

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

162

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human exploitation of natural populations, including harvesting and large-scale releases, are expected to potentially result in genetic changes of native gene pools, and effects of such operations are particularly important to monitor (Allendorf et al, 2008;Laikre et al, 2010). Salmonid fishes are subject to large-scale commercial and sport fishing and releases worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic monitoring reveals temporal stability over 30 years in a small, lake-resident brown trout population

2012

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Knowledge of the degree of temporal stability of population genetic structure and composition is important for understanding microevolutionary processes and addressing issues of human impact of natural populations. We know little about how representative single samples in time are to reflect population genetic constitution, and we explore the temporal genetic variability patterns over a 30-year period of annual sampling of a lake-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) population, covering 37 consecutive cohorts and five generations. Levels of variation remain largely stable over this period, with no indication of substructuring within the lake. We detect genetic drift, however, and the genetically effective population size (N e ) was assessed from allele-frequency shifts between consecutive cohorts using an unbiased estimator that accounts for the effect of overlapping generation. The overall mean N e is estimated as 74. We find indications that N e varies over time, but there is no obvious temporal trend. We also estimated N e using a one-sample approach based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) that does not account for the effect of overlapping generations. Combining one-sample estimates for all years gives an N e estimate of 76. This similarity between estimates may be coincidental or reflecting a general robustness of the LD approach to violations of the discrete generations assumption. In contrast to the observed genetic stability, body size and catch per effort have increased over the study period. Estimates of annual effective number of breeders (N b ) correlated with catch per effort, suggesting that genetic monitoring can be used for detecting fluctuations in abundance.

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“…Population genetic principles and methods are increasingly used in the management of harvested species and the conservation of natural populations (Allendorf and Luikart, 2007;Allendorf et al, 2008). Population subdivision results from genome-wide processes, such as reduced migration and genetic drift, that on an average affect all genes in the same way, as well as locus-specific processes such as recombination, selection and mutation that are limited to specific genomic regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting population structure in a high gene-flow species, Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): direct, simultaneous evaluation of neutral vs putatively selected loci

et al. 2010

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In many marine fish species, genetic population structure is typically weak because populations are large, evolutionarily young and have a high potential for gene flow. We tested whether genetic markers influenced by natural selection are more efficient than the presumed neutral genetic markers to detect population structure in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), a migratory pelagic species with large effective population sizes. We compared the spatial and temporal patterns of divergence and statistical power of three traditional genetic marker types, microsatellites, allozymes and mitochondrial DNA, with one microsatellite locus, Cpa112, previously shown to be influenced by divergent selection associated with salinity, and one locus located in the major histocompatibility complex class IIA (MHC-IIA) gene, using the same individuals across analyses. Samples were collected in 2002 and 2003 at two locations in the North Sea, one location in the Skagerrak and one location in the low-saline Baltic Sea. Levels of divergence for putatively neutral markers were generally low, with the exception of single outlier locus/sample combinations; microsatellites were the most statistically powerful markers under neutral expectations. We found no evidence of selection acting on the MHC locus. Cpa112, however, was highly divergent in the Baltic samples. Simulations addressing the statistical power for detecting population divergence showed that when using Cpa112 alone, compared with using eight presumed neutral microsatellite loci, sample sizes could be reduced by up to a tenth while still retaining high statistical power. Our results show that the loci influenced by selection can serve as powerful markers for detecting population structure in high gene-flow marine fish species.

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Genetic effects of harvest on wild animal populations

Cited by 544 publications

References 89 publications

Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation

Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation

Genetic monitoring reveals temporal stability over 30 years in a small, lake-resident brown trout population

Detecting population structure in a high gene-flow species, Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus): direct, simultaneous evaluation of neutral vs putatively selected loci

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