Genetic Effects of Cultured Fish on Natural Fish Populations

Hindar, Kjetil; Ryman, Nils; Utter, Fred M.

doi:10.1139/f91-111

Cited by 592 publications

(461 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although we cannot directly determine which factors are most responsible for the observed changes in steelhead population genetic structure, the most likely impacts appear to be fragmentation due to dam construction and habitat degradation, and genetic introgression by conspecific, but non-local hatchery rainbow trout (Hindar et al 1991). The rivers sampled in the present study have been heavily impacted by human modifications over the last century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Disruption of historical patterns of isolation by distance in coastal steelhead

2010

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When natural populations exchange migrants at a rate proportional to their geographic distance, population genetics theory leads to the expectation of a pattern of isolation-by-distance (IBD), whereby geographic and genetic distance are correlated. However, the presence or absence of such patterns in modern populations may not fully reflect the historical relationships among those populations. Thus, historical samples, collected prior to modern human impacts, can often provide a critical baseline for comparison with modern populations. Steelhead, the anadromous form of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are native to western North America and are endangered or threatened throughout most of California, near the southern extent of their native range. Population samples of steelhead collected in 1897 and 1909 in Central California rivers provided the opportunity to evaluate the historical genetic composition and population structure of these threatened fish. Here we show that these steelhead populations had a historically strong correlation between genetic and geographic distance that has been virtually erased in modern populations, suggesting that current relationships among modern steelhead populations are no longer reflective of natural migratory pathways. This demonstrates the critical role of migration in maintaining population relationships of threatened species and highlights the importance of natural history museums in providing historical baseline information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Disruption of historical patterns of isolation by distance in coastal steelhead

2010

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“…Broodstock from different genetic stock will reduce genetic differences among stocks by the introgression of exogenous alleles and the reduction of native alleles in frequency (Utter, 1998). Meanwhile, "outbreeding depression" will be caused by interbreeding of introduced stock and the native stock, and hybridizations tend to have long-lasting effects that are disadvantageous to native stocks rather than being beneficial by adding genetic variation (Hindar et al 1991;Uthicke and Purcell, 2004).…”

Section: Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China

Han

Keesing

Liu

2016

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture

192

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Sea cucumber aquaculture has flourished as a result of increasing demand coupled with declining wild fisheries and has been facilitated by technical progress in the production and grow-out phase of larvae and small juvenile sea cucumbers. China has developed a large and successful sea cucumber aquaculture industry based on the temperate species Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867). China consumes most of its domestic sea cucumber production (193, 705 tons: 2013), exporting only a few dozen tons. Much of the success of sea cucumber aquaculture in China came from advances in culture methods, especially for the early stages of broodstock conditioning, larval production and settlement, and the critical early juvenile development stage. These artificial approaches to production are a precondition for all aquaculture models, and the scientific procedures and management protocols must be strictly adhered to for success. Similarly, the growout phase of sea cucumber production in China has evolved from attempts using disused fish and shrimp ponds to new, dedicated ponds developed to meet the more sensitive requirements of sea cucumbers for water quality and substrate type and to the use of ocean ranching. Various diseases have affected this industry and become barriers to its sustainable development. To achieve higher survival rates and better production quality, the trend has been toward ocean ranching of sea cucumbers and stock enhancement, and production levels have increased significantly in recent years. While cost-effective methods for sea cucumber aquaculture close to their point of consumption is good news for wild stocks of sea cucumbers in different parts of the world, there is a potential downside in the environmental impact of such extensive production methods. The influence of sea cucumber aquaculture on the environment and the influence of the environment on sea cucumber aquaculture are important issues relating to ecological security and sustainability.

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“…Such admixture can have a range of deleterious effects, including a break down of locally adapted genetic variation (Hindar et al, 1991;Fraser et al, 2011;Fraser, 2013). This is an area in which genotyping by NGS can be especially useful because the markers are highly sensitive and can distinguish closely related groups, can be comparable and informative across species, and also a new panel of markers is not required for each species (Allendorf et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introgressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic tools for new insights to variation, adaptation, and evolution in the salmonid fishes: a perspective for charr

Elmer

2016

Hydrobiologia

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The past few years have seen an absolute revolution in genomic technologies and their potential applications to ecology and evolutionary biology research. Such advances open up a range of opportunities for research on non-model organisms and individuals drawn from wild populations. This has resulted in exciting new research seeking to identify the genetic polymorphisms important in adaptation and speciation and how they are organised within the genome. Building on this, there is great interest in the extent to which similar evolutionary patterns are found across multiple populations, particularly whether consistent genetic mechanisms are associated with recurrent phenotypes. A powerful context for disentangling these mechanisms is to focus on highly diverse radiations, where phenotypes vary in and across environments. Therefore, the high diversity found within and among species of salmonid fishes such as charr (Salvelinus) make for an ideal 'non'-model for genomic research. This paper outlines some of the current approaches available in ecological genomics and highlights some recent advances in salmonid research. It also suggests avenues for the sort of predictions that can be derived from ecological genomics, with the aim of understanding the genetics behind the fantastic diversity of salmonid fishes.Keywords Ecological genomics Á Transcriptomics Á Speciation Á Genetic mapping Á Salmonid fishes Á Charr Recent advances in the field of molecular biology have exciting implications for research on the ecology and evolution of natural populations. Particularly, high throughput 'next-generation' sequencing (NGS) (also known as 'second-generation', or 'massively parallel' sequencing) can generate huge amounts of genomic or transcriptomic data on almost any organism. NGS is dramatically decreasing in cost and the associated tools and pipelines are within reach of even modest research groups. This is therefore becoming an invaluable tool for understanding the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. These exciting new approaches can address long-standing questions in evolutionary biology, such as: What is the genetic basis of adaptations? How do closely related species differ? Why are some lineages more diverse than others?The challenge for 'omics' of non-model organisms now shifts away from raw data generation to focusing on informative evolutionary, ecological, and environmental contexts in order to most efficiently and

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Genetic Effects of Cultured Fish on Natural Fish Populations

Cited by 592 publications

References 35 publications

Disruption of historical patterns of isolation by distance in coastal steelhead

Disruption of historical patterns of isolation by distance in coastal steelhead

A Review of Sea Cucumber Aquaculture, Ranching, and Stock Enhancement in China

Genomic tools for new insights to variation, adaptation, and evolution in the salmonid fishes: a perspective for charr

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