Genetic duplication in the white-split interval of the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster

Lefevre, George; Green, M. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00336795

Cited by 72 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…If so, we expect either that female Drosophila elaborate substantially more S14 message than do males, or that expression of the RPS14A and B genes might be differentially regulated in male and female flies. It is noteworthy that the only other tandemly duplicated Drosophila DNA region described to date is X linked, includes the genetic loci for roughest (rst) and verticals (vt), and displays an unusual mode of dosage compensation (17). Experiments to examine RPS14 gene regulation in D. melanogaster are now under way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosomal protein S14 is encoded by a pair of highly conserved, adjacent genes on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Brown¹,

Rhoads²,

Stewart³

et al. 1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We describe a Drosophila DNA clone of tandemly duplicated genes encoding an amino acid sequence nearly identical to human ribosomal protein S14 and yeast rp59. Despite their remarkably similar exons, the locations and sizes of introns differ radically among the Drosophila, human, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ribosomal protein genes. Transcripts of both Drosophila RPS14 genes were detected in embryonic and adult tissues and are the same length as mammalian S14 message. Drosophila RPS14 was mapped to region 7C5-9 on the X chromosome. This interval also encodes a previously characterized Minute locus, M(1)7C.Although procaryotic and eucaryotic ribosomes display striking architectural differences (14-16), many ribosomal subunit components share substantial structural homology.Only recently has the extent of these relationships become apparent through comparison of analogous ribosomal protein genes from phylogenetically distant organisms. We have shown that two cloned human ribosomal protein genes, RPS14 and RPS17, detect significant nucleic acid homology among diverse genomic DNAs (6). Computer-aided analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequence data bases confirmed these homologies and further defined structural similarities shared by these two mammalian genes and their yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) homologs. Mammalian S14 and yeast rp59 polypeptides are almost identical, as are mammalian S17 and yeast rpSl proteins (6). Homologies discerned among human and yeast ribosomal protein genes are restricted to coding sequences (exons) only, whereas the number, arrangement, and size of intervening sequences (introns) differ markedly.Previously we noted that Drosophila melanogaster DNA contains two PstI restriction fragments detectable with a human RPS14 cDNA probe (6). Because insects, yeasts, and mammals diverged early in the course of eucaryote evolution, and because D. melanogaster is amenable to detailed genetic and molecular analyses, we decided to characterize Drosophila RPS14. We anticipated that this information might provide significant clues into the evolutionary history of an important housekeeping gene family. In addition, we hoped to establish an experimental system suitable for detailed molecular and genetic analysis of ribosome biosynthesis in a higher eucaryote. Now we describe a Drosophila DNA clone which contains a tandemly duplicated pair of nearly identical RPS14 genes. Both S14 genes include a short intervening sequence at a position unrelated to the introns in yeast rp59 (32) and human RPS14 (28). Both Drosophila genes appear to be transcribed as monocistronic messages in adult tissues. The cloned DNA fragment has been mapped in situ to region 7C5-9 on the Drosophila X chromosome. In agreement with the notion that haplo-insufficient Minute mutations affect ribosomal protein genes in D. melanogaster (4,13,33) RNAs were isolated from Drosophila eggs and adults and from human (HeLa) cells by homogenization in guanidinium isothiocyanate and extraction with redistilled phenol and chloroform (7)...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosomal protein S14 is encoded by a pair of highly conserved, adjacent genes on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Brown¹,

Rhoads²,

Stewart³

et al. 1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…Stocks used were twist promoter-GFP-actin (a gift from H. A. Müller, University of Dundee, UK), rP298-lacZ (Nose et al, 1998), twist-CD2 (Dunin-Borkowski andBrown, 1995), apME-GFP (this study), apME-NLS::eGFP (this study), apME-NLS::dsRed (this study), Df(1)w67k30 [deficiency removing duf and rst (Lefevre, and Green, 1972;Ruiz-Gomez et al, 2000)], kette J4-48 (Hummel et al, 2000), rols T627 (Chen and Olson, 2001), loner T1032 (Chen et al, 2003), mbc C1 (Rushton et al, 1995), sns XB3 (Bour et al, 2000), blow 1 (Doberstein et al, 1997) Hakeda-Suzuki et al, 2002), SCAR ⌬37 (Zallen et al, 2002), SCAR k13811 [ (Spradling et al, 1999) Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project], Arp3 EP3640 (Rorth, 1996), and D-WIP D30 (Massarwa et al, 2007) Dfd-lacZ or TTG [TM3, twi-GAL4, UAS-2xeGFP (Halfon et al, 2002)]. Germline clones (Chou and Perrimon, 1996) were generated by heat shock of hs-FLP; ovoD, FRT40A/SCAR k13811 , FRT40A larvae.…”

Section: Drosophila Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SCAR/WAVE and Arp2/3 are crucial for cytoskeletal remodeling at the site of myoblast fusion

et al. 2007

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Myoblast fusion is crucial for formation and repair of skeletal muscle. Here we show that active remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for fusion in Drosophila. Using live imaging, we have identified a dynamic F-actin accumulation (actin focus) at the site of fusion. Dissolution of the actin focus directly precedes a fusion event. Whereas several known fusion components regulate these actin foci, others target additional behaviors required for fusion. Mutations in kette/Nap1, an actin polymerization regulator, lead to enlarged foci that do not dissolve, consistent with the observed block in fusion. Kette is required to positively regulate SCAR/WAVE, which in turn activates the Arp2/3 complex. Mutants in SCAR and Arp2/3 have a fusion block and foci phenotype, suggesting that Kette-SCAR-Arp2/3 participate in an actin polymerization event required for focus dissolution. Our data identify a new paradigm for understanding the mechanisms underlying fusion in myoblasts and other tissues.

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“…Sorsa, Green, and Beerman (1973) recently employed these techniques in a cytogenetic study of white. Prior to this study, the white locus has been variously assigned to band 3C2 or the doublet 3C2-3 on the basis of rearrangement breakpoint determination and deletion mapping (see Lefevre and Green, 1972). Sorsa et a2.…”

Section: Gene-band Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two "eye" mutants, facet-3(fa^) and facet-glossy-2 (faf^f. )» originally symbolized as strawberry-62b (swb ; see Lefevre and Kelly, 1972), were subjected to recombination tests to determine if each mapped in the vicinity of other eye mutants (e.g. fa, fa&).…”

Section: Recombination Analyses Of Recessive Visiblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Facet-glossy-2 (fa^~^), an X-ray induced allele (see Lefevre and Kelly, 1972), was first characterized as a strawberry allele (non-Notch) because of its similar phenotype; rough, shiny, patched eyes that have been likened to the appearance of an overripe strawberry. However, its pseudodominant expression when heterozygous with N mutants and its noncomplementation and nearly identical phenotype with fa^ led to its assignment to the Notch series.…”

Section: Recombination Analyses Of Recessive Visiblesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the Notch locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Welter

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Genetic duplication in the white-split interval of the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 72 publications

References 22 publications

Ribosomal protein S14 is encoded by a pair of highly conserved, adjacent genes on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Ribosomal protein S14 is encoded by a pair of highly conserved, adjacent genes on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster.

SCAR/WAVE and Arp2/3 are crucial for cytoskeletal remodeling at the site of myoblast fusion

An analysis of the Notch locus in Drosophila melanogaster

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