Genetic diversity, virulence factors and farm-to-table spread pattern of Vibrio parahaemolyticus food-associated isolates

Yang, Chao; Zhang, Xianglilan; Fan, Hang; Li, Yinghui; Hu, Qinghua; Cui, Yu‐Jun

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2019.103270

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The number of contigs and average size of assemblies were 163 (46-495, > 500 bp) and 4.0 Mb (3.9-4.3), with an average of 81-fold (54-96) depth for each V. cholerae genome. SNPs were identified as previously described [32,33]. Firstly, the assemblies were aligned against the reference genome using MUMmer v3.1 [34], to generate the whole genome alignment and identify SNPs in the core genome (regions present in all isolates).…”

Section: Genome Sequencing and Variant Callingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae reveals the regional and global spread of two epidemic non-toxigenic lineages

et al. 2020

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Non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates have been found associated with diarrheal disease globally, however, the global picture of non-toxigenic infections is largely unknown. Among non-toxigenic V. cholerae, ctxAB negative, tcpA positive (CNTP) isolates have the highest risk of disease. From 2001 to 2012, 71 infectious diarrhea cases were reported in Hangzhou, China, caused by CNTP serogroup O1 isolates. We sequenced 119 V. cholerae genomes isolated from patients, carriers and the environment in Hangzhou between 2001 and 2012, and compared them with 850 publicly available global isolates. We found that CNTP isolates from Hangzhou belonged to two distinctive lineages, named L3b and L9. Both lineages caused disease over a long time period with usually mild or moderate clinical symptoms. Within Hangzhou, the spread route of the L3b lineage was apparently from rural to urban areas, with aquatic food products being the most likely medium. Both lineages had been previously reported as causing local endemic disease in Latin America, but here we show that global spread of them has occurred, with the most likely origin of L3b lineage being in Central Asia. The L3b lineage has spread to China on at least three occasions. Other spread events, including from China to Thailand and to Latin America were also observed. We fill the missing links in the global spread of the two non-toxigenic serogroup O1 V. cholerae lineages that can cause human infection. The results are important for the design of future disease control strategies: surveillance of V. cholerae should not be limited to ctxAB positive strains.

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Section: Genome Sequencing and Variant Callingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae reveals the regional and global spread of two epidemic non-toxigenic lineages

et al. 2020

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“…By calculating the pairwise SNP distances between all 233 isolates, we defined semiclonal groups (SCG), among which the sequence differences are fewer than 2,000 SNPs, as suggested by Yang et al (14). Thirty-two SCGs were identified, with each SCG including 2 to 19 isolates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SNPs located in the recombination regions were removed by ClonalFrameML ( 30 ). Taking 2,000 as the threshold of pairwise SNP distance between strains ( 14 ), we defined semiclonal groups (SCGs) in our analyzed data set. Meanwhile, we recalculated the pairwise SNP distance between isolates of each SCG to identify clones which were defined as the genomes with fewer than 10 SNPs differences ( 14 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Plasmid Transfer Promotes the Dissemination of Asian Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease and Provides a Novel Mechanism for Genetic Exchange and Environmental Adaptation

Wei

Yang

et al. 2020

mSystems

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important foodborne pathogen and has recently gained particular notoriety because it causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp, which has caused significant economic loss in the shrimp industry. Here, we report a whole-genome analysis of 233 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from humans, diseased shrimp, and environmental samples collected between 2008 and 2017, providing unprecedented insight into the historical spread of AHPND. The results show that V. parahaemolyticus is genetically diverse and can be divided into 84 sequence types (STs). However, genomic analysis of three STs of V. parahaemolyticus identified seven transmission routes in Asia since 1996, which promoted the transfer of an AHPND-associated plasmid. Notably, the insertion sequence (ISVal1) from the plasmid subsequently mediated the genetic exchange among V. parahaemolyticus STs and resulted in the deletion of an 11-kb region regulating cell mobility and the production of capsular polysaccharides. Phenotype assays confirmed that this deletion enhanced biofilm formation, providing a novel mechanism for environmental adaptation. We conclude that the transmission mode of AHPND consists of two steps, the transmission of V. parahaemolyticus and the subsequent horizontal transfer of the AHPND-associated plasmid. This plasmid allows ISVal1 to mediate genetic exchange and improve pathogen fitness in shrimp ponds. Current shrimp farming practices promoted such genetic exchanges, which highlighted a risk of the emergence of new virulent populations, with potentially devastating consequences for both aquaculture and human health. This study addressed the basic questions regarding the transmission mechanism of AHPND and provided novel insights into shrimp and human disease management. IMPORTANCE Global outbreaks of shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by V. parahaemolyticus represent an urgent issue for the shrimp industry. This study revealed that the transmission mode of AHPND consists of two steps, the transregional dissemination of V. parahaemolyticus and the horizontal transfer of an AHPND-associated plasmid. Surprisingly, the introduction of the AHPND-associated plasmid also offers a novel mechanism of genetic exchange mediated by insertion sequences, and it improved the fitness of V. parahaemolyticus in a harsh environment. The results presented herein suggest that current shrimp farming practices promote genetic mixture between endemic and oceanic V. parahaemolyticus populations, which introduced the plasmid and accelerated bacterial adaptation by the acquisition of ecologically important functions. This entails a risk of the emergence of new virulent populations both for shrimp and humans. This study improves our understanding of the global dissemination of the AHPND-associated plasmid and highlights the urgent need to improve biosecurity for shrimp farming.

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“…NC_003143.1) using MUMmer (v3.0) (Kurtz et al, 2004) to generate whole-genome alignments and to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the core genome. The raw sequencing reads were mapped to the assemblies to evaluate the SNP accuracy using SOAPaligner as described previously (Yang et al, 2019). This process excludes unreliable SNPs located in repeated regions with low-quality scores (<20) or supported by few reads (<10 paired-end reads).…”

Section: Phylogeny Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Genotype of Yersinia pestis Found in Live Rodents in Yunnan Province, China

et al. 2021

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Yunnan Province, China is thought to be the original source of biovar Orientalis of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the third plague pandemic that has spread globally since the end of the 19th century. Although encompassing a large area of natural plague foci, Y. pestis strains have rarely been found in live rodents during surveillance in Yunnan, and most isolates are from rodent corpses and their fleas. In 2017, 10 Y. pestis strains were isolated from seven live rodents and three fleas in Heqing County of Yunnan. These strains were supposed to have low virulence to local rodents Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri because the rodents were healthy and no dead animals were found in surrounding areas, as had occurred in previous epizootic disease. We performed microscopic and biochemical examinations of the isolates, and compared their whole-genome sequences and transcriptome with those of 10 high virulence Y. pestis strains that were isolated from nine rodents and one parasitic flea in adjacent city (Lijiang). We analyzed the phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics of live rodent isolates. The isolates formed a previously undefined monophyletic branch of Y. pestis that was named 1.IN5. Six SNPs, two indels, and one copy number variation were detected between live rodent isolates and the high virulence neighbors. No obvious functional consequence of these variations was found according to the known annotation information. Among genes which expression differential in the live rodent isolates compared to their high virulent neighbors, we found five iron transfer related ones that were significant up-regulated (| log2 (FC) | > 1, p.adjust < 0.05), indicating these genes may be related to the low-virulence phenotype. The novel genotype of Y. pestis reported here provides further insights into the evolution and spread of plague as well as clues that may help to decipher the virulence mechanism of this notorious pathogen.

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Genetic diversity, virulence factors and farm-to-table spread pattern of Vibrio parahaemolyticus food-associated isolates

Cited by 39 publications

References 48 publications

Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae reveals the regional and global spread of two epidemic non-toxigenic lineages

Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae reveals the regional and global spread of two epidemic non-toxigenic lineages

Horizontal Plasmid Transfer Promotes the Dissemination of Asian Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease and Provides a Novel Mechanism for Genetic Exchange and Environmental Adaptation

New Genotype of Yersinia pestis Found in Live Rodents in Yunnan Province, China

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