Genetic diversity of Vitis vinifera in Georgia: relationships between local cultivars and wild grapevine, V. vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris

Ekhvaia, Jana; Gurushidze, Maia; Blattner, Frank R.; Akhalkatsi, Maia

doi:10.1007/s10722-014-0125-2

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the genetic composition of feral apple populations and their relationships to commercially grown cultivars and native species. Similar analyses have been performed on other plant species, such as grape (De Andrés et al, ; Ekhvaia, Gurushidze, Blattner, & Akhalkatsi, ), and the Callery pear (Culley & Hardiman, ). These studies found genetic relationships between cultivars and wild samples easy to resolve due to high divergence between wild and cultivated populations (De Andrés et al, ), and relatively few cultivars contributing to feral populations (Culley & Hardiman, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The origins and evolutionary history of feral apples in southern Canada

2019

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Feral populations of domesticated crops can establish through two nonmutually exclusive pathways: hybridization with native relatives and recruitment of and recombination between known cultivars. The extent and relative importance of these pathways is not known, especially for woody fruit crops. Here, we examined the evolutionary origins of feral populations of Malus domestica (domestic apple) in southern Canada using a population genetic analysis. We characterized genotypes of 578 putative feral apple trees and evaluated them in relation to genotypes of 156 commercial cultivars, 28 non‐native, ornamental crabapples and 47 native Malus coronaria trees using 14 microsatellite markers. No feral trees were genetic admixtures between domestic and native Malus; however, a minority of trees were admixed with introduced ornamental Malus. Feral trees and commercial cultivars both occurred in two major genetic groups and seven subgroups distributed throughout all commercial growing regions. A total of 42 cultivars, both heritage and currently grown, occurred in probable parental pairs for feral trees, with nine heritage varieties accounting for 72% of parental assignments. We conclude that feral apples in southern Canada are not products of hybridization with native M. coronaria but we cannot exclude ornamental apple species as contributing to the naturalization process. Nonhybrid feral domestic apples have multiple origins, with a prominent signature of early heritage cultivars. These lineages have spread and coexist throughout Ontario, rather than being derived strictly from local sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The origins and evolutionary history of feral apples in southern Canada

2019

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“…of putative secondary domestication centers along the main migration routes due to genetic relationships between wild and cultivated accessions, especially in the Mediterranean Basin and Central Asia (Grassi et al, 2003;Arroyo-García et al, 2006;Myles et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2017;Riaz et al, 2018). The coexistence of wild populations together with domesticated ones is often and the bidirectional gene flow (wild-to-cultivated and cultivated-towild) has been well documented (De Andrés et al, 2012;Ekhvaia et al, 2014;Riaz et al, 2018;D'Onofrio, 2020;Maraš et al, 2020), supporting the occurrence of secondary domestication events from local wild populations or introgression events. These events, the geographical origin and human usage were found to strongly shape the genetic structure of grapevine germplasm (Bacilieri et al, 2013).…”

Section: South Caucasus the First Grapevine Domestication Centermentioning

confidence: 97%

Georgian Grapevine Cultivars: Ancient Biodiversity for Future Viticulture

et al. 2021

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most widely cultivated plant species of agricultural interest, and is extensively appreciated for its fruits and the wines made from its fruits. Considering the high socio-economic impact of the wine sector all over the world, in recent years, there has been an increase in work aiming to investigate the biodiversity of grapevine germplasm available for breeding programs. Various studies have shed light on the genetic diversity characterizing the germplasm from the cradle of V. vinifera domestication in Georgia (South Caucasus). Georgian germplasm is placed in a distinct cluster from the European one and possesses a rich diversity for many different traits, including eno-carpological and phenological traits; resistance to pathogens, such as oomycetes and phytoplasmas; resistance to abiotic stresses, such as sunburn. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Georgian cultivars as a source of useful traits for breeding programs. The unique genetic and phenotypic aspects of Georgian germplasm were unraveled, to better understand the diversity and quality of the genetic resources available to viticulturists, as valuable resources for the coming climate change scenario.

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“…At present time wild grapevine has become rather rare due to several forms of human disturbance, such as habitat destruction and fragmentation, silvicultural practices, diffusion of pathogens (e.g., oïdium, phylloxera, mildew, and viruses), improper management of natural environment, and hybridization with domestic forms (Arrigo and Arnold, 2007; Zecca et al, 2010; Garfi et al, 2013; Pacifico et al, 2016; Arnold et al, 2017). Gene flow between wild and cultivated grapevines was confirmed in several countries such as Spain (Arroyo-García et al, 2006; De Andrés et al, 2012), Italy (Zecca et al, 2010) and Georgia (Ekhvaia et al, 2014). In the last years, molecular methods based on the use of microsatellite (SSR) (This et al, 2004; Grassi et al, 2008; Carimi et al, 2011; Lacombe et al, 2013; Emanuelli et al, 2013) and, more recently, on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (Salmaso et al, 2004; Myles et al, 2011; Emanuelli et al, 2013; Laucou et al, 2018; De Lorenzis et al, 2019), as well as on genome sequencing (Zhou et al, 2017) allowed not only to improve the discrimination between wild and cultivated populations, but also to study the relationships among different cultivated varieties and wild accessions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Phylogenetic Relationship Among Wild and Cultivated Grapevine in Sicily: A Hotspot in the Middle of the Mediterranean Basin

et al. 2019

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) is a perennial crop especially important for wine and fruit production. The species is highly polymorphic with thousands of different varieties selected by farmers and clonally propagated. However, it is still debated whether grapevine domestication from its wild ancestor (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has been a single event or rather it occurred on multiple occasions during the diffusion of its cultivation across the Mediterranean. Located in the center of the Basin, Sicily is its largest island and has served as a hotspot for all civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean throughout history. Hundreds of unique grapevine cultivars are still cultivated in Sicily and its surrounding minor islands, though most of them are menaced by extinction. Wild grapevine is also present with isolated populations thriving along riverbanks. With the aim to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships among Sicilian varieties, and to assess the possible contribution of indigenous wild populations to the genetic makeup of cultivated grapevine, we analyzed 170 domestic cultivars and 125 wild plants, collected from 10 different populations, with 23 SSR markers. We also compared our data with published dataset from Eurasia. Results show that Sicilian wild populations are related to the cultivated Sicilian and Italian germplasm, suggesting events of introgression and/or domestication of local varieties.

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Genetic diversity of Vitis vinifera in Georgia: relationships between local cultivars and wild grapevine, V. vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

The origins and evolutionary history of feral apples in southern Canada

The origins and evolutionary history of feral apples in southern Canada

Georgian Grapevine Cultivars: Ancient Biodiversity for Future Viticulture

Phylogenetic Relationship Among Wild and Cultivated Grapevine in Sicily: A Hotspot in the Middle of the Mediterranean Basin

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