Genetic Diversity of the Giant Panda<i>(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)</i>Between Big and Small Populations

Fang, Sheng‐Guo; Wan, Qiu‐Hong; Fujihara, Noború

doi:10.1080/09712119.2002.9706358

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This was in good agreement with a previous study that used 9 microsatellite markers to show that the XXL population had the highest level of allelic richness [9]. The XXL population, which is currently 1 of the smallest and most fragmented populations, experienced a drastic population reduction (60-fold) approximately 250 years ago [15], which suggests that the population should have undergone genetic drift and a rapid loss of genetic diversity [12]. However, contrary to this expectation, XXL was found to have the highest level of genetic variability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Patterns of Adaptive and Neutral Diversity Identify the Xiaoxiangling Mountains as a Refuge for the Giant Panda

Chen¹,

Zhu²,

Wan³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Genetic variation plays a significant role in maintaining the evolutionary potential of a species. Comparing the patterns of adaptive and neutral diversity in extant populations is useful for understanding the local adaptations of a species. In this study, we determined the fine-scale genetic structure of 6 extant populations of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using mtDNA and DNA fingerprints, and then overlaid adaptive variations in 6 functional Aime-MHC class II genes (DRA, DRB3, DQA1, DQA2, DQB1, and DQB2) on this framework. We found that: (1) analysis of the mtDNA and DNA fingerprint-based networks of the 6 populations identified the independent evolutionary histories of the 2 panda subspecies; (2) the basal (ancestral) branches of the fingerprint-based Sichuan-derived network all originated from the smallest Xiaoxiangling (XXL) population, suggesting the status of a glacial refuge in XXL; (3) the MHC variations among the tested populations showed that the XXL population exhibited extraordinary high levels of MHC diversity in allelic richness, which is consistent with the diversity characteristics of a glacial refuge; (4) the phylogenetic tree showed that the basal clades of giant panda DQB sequences were all occupied by XXL-specific sequences, providing evidence for the ancestor-resembling traits of XXL. Finally, we found that the giant panda had many more DQ alleles than DR alleles (33∶13), contrary to other mammals, and that the XXL refuge showed special characteristics in the DQB loci, with 7 DQB members of 9 XXL-unique alleles. Thus, this study identified XXL as a glacial refuge, specifically harboring the most number of primitive DQB alleles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Patterns of Adaptive and Neutral Diversity Identify the Xiaoxiangling Mountains as a Refuge for the Giant Panda

Chen¹,

Zhu²,

Wan³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Small populations result in the loss of bands specific to individuals, while relatively small populations result in a decline in the average number of total bands [24,25]. We therefore expect a loss of individual-specific bands in each population.…”

Section: Patterns Of Genetic Differentiation In the Giant Pandamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic differentiation and subspecies development of the giant panda as revealed by DNA fingerprinting

Wan¹,

Fang²,

Wu³

et al. 2003

Electrophoresis

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Over the last 100 years giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) have been separated into six completely isolated mountain ranges. DNA fingerprinting revealed different differentiation patterns in giant pandas, including early-stage, late-stage, recent divergence and recent genetic depression. A separation around 10 000 years ago resulted in highly significant differences in DNA fingerprints and morphological characteristics between Qinling and Sichuan populations. Supported by morphological differences, the genetic data were used to classify the Qinling population as a new subspecies, A. m. qinlingensis, while the Sichuan populations were classified into the original subspecies, A. m. melanoleuca. Thus, the Qinling population deserves management as a separate unit. In the Sichuan populations, two management units were defined, including Qionglai-Minshan and Daxiangling-Xiaoxiangling-Liangshan. Our data suggest urgent measures are needed to establish green corridors between subpopulations in each mountain range to increase gene flow and genetic variation to ensure long-term survival.

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“…However, Lu et al (2001) concluded that panda populations still retained considerable genetic diversity when compared against other carnivorous species, which was insured by Wan et al (2003). Fang et al (2002Fang et al ( , 2003 found the genetic variation in giant panda populations has a relationship with the number of individuals and that larger populations possessed relatively higher genetic variation than smaller populations. Wan et al (2003Wan et al ( , 2005 indicated that the Qinling population had diverged into a new subspecies (A. m. qinlingensis) when compared to the original subspecies (A. m. melanoleuca) in Sichuan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic diversities of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Wanglang and Baoxing Nature Reserves

Lin

Shen

et al. 2007

Conserv Genet

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Genetic variations in the giant panda populations in Wanglang and Baoxing Nature Reserves were evaluated in this study. Panda feces were collected from these two reserves and DNA samples extracted from the feces were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. A total of 130 alleles were identified from the 13 microsatellite loci in 63 giant pandas, including 35 private alleles in Wanglang, 53 private alleles in Baoxing, and 42 alleles shared between the two populations. The mean observed heterozygosity, average number of alleles, average number of allelic richness, and average polymorphism information content were 0.488, 6.2, 3.302, and 0.612, respectively for the Wanglang population and 0.553, 7.6, 4.050, and 0.747 for the Baoxing population. A moderate degree of genetic differentiation (F st = 0.26) and no gene flow were found between these two populations.

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Genetic Diversity of the Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)Between Big and Small Populations

Abstract: Fang, S.G., Wan,Q.H. and Fujihara, N. 2002

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Patterns of Adaptive and Neutral Diversity Identify the Xiaoxiangling Mountains as a Refuge for the Giant Panda

Patterns of Adaptive and Neutral Diversity Identify the Xiaoxiangling Mountains as a Refuge for the Giant Panda

Genetic differentiation and subspecies development of the giant panda as revealed by DNA fingerprinting

Genetic diversities of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in Wanglang and Baoxing Nature Reserves

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