Genetic diversity of the genus Citrus in Tomini Bay coastal areas, Indonesia based on morphological characters

Abstract

Abstract. Kandowangko NY, Febriyanti. 2023. Genetic diversity of the genus Citrus in Tomini Bay coastal areas, Indonesia based on morphological characters. BIodiversitas 24: 2938-2952. Citrus plants are one of the fruit plants that are widely consumed by the community, both for food, health, and customs. The existence of Citrus plants in the coastal area of Tomini Bay only grows wild and has not been cultivated intensively. Lack of information on the diversity of citrus and the use of Citrus plants that are not balanced with cultivation actions will threaten the existence of these Citrus plants. This research aims to provide information about the morphological characteristics of the genus Citrus in the coastal area of Tomini Bay. The plant materials used were 39 accessions consisting of 7 species. Descriptive methods and diversity index calculations as well as analysis of phenetic consanguinity data were applied in this study. The results showed that all Citrus accessions have morphological diversity ranging from stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The diversity index (H’) was equal to 0.8103 which was categorized as low. The 39 Citrus accessions were divided into two main clusters with a similarity index of 64.3%. The findings of this study are expected to be useful in Citrus breeding and conservation programs in the future.

The phenetic relationship of citrus plants based on the morphological and anatomical characteristics

“…That research found the value of diversity index was 0.8103, that was considered low. It was also recorded a similarity coefficient of 64.3% in the group consisted of seven citruses on the dendrogram, and formed two primary groups that were classified into smaller categories at the species diversity level (Kandowangko and Febriyanti 2023). Morphological characterization of the same citrus variation in this study is relatively comparable with other locations in Indonesia (Murtando et al 2016;Sofiyanti et al 2022).…”

“…Genetic differences occur not only between species; even within one species, there is gene diversity. With the diversity of genes, the characteristics within one species are diverse and varied or are referred to as varieties, even to the point of accession (Kandowangko and Febriyanti 2023).…”

“…The orange variation that most closely related are chokun and fremont, as well as dekopon and sunkist with a similarity value of 0.7308. According to Kandowangko and Febriyanti (2023), a similarity value closer to 1 indicates that the level of kinship is closer, whereas if the similarity value is closer to 0, the level of kinship is increasingly distant.…”

Assessment of variability among molecular and morphological characters of several wild Rutaceae species

“…The study of morphological characteristics of Rutaceae accessions revealed that length of petiole relative to length of leaf lamina, leaf apex, branch angle and density of branches are the main factor in differentiating the accessions in PC's. These differentiating characters were also con rmed by Kandowangko and Febriyanti (2023) under the genus Citrus.…”