Genetic diversity of Syrian Arabian horses

Almarzook, Saria; Reißmann, Monika; Arends, Danny; Brockmann, Gudrun A.

doi:10.1111/age.12568

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, those populations went through a severe male bottleneck, as our panel originates from only 26 imported stallions. According to several studies, registered Arabian horses in the Middle East show expanded genetic and phenotypic diversity in comparison to the global Arabian bloodlines [ 27 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. The existence of genetically diverse populations of Arabian horses in the Middle East today could also be reflected in more diverse MSY patterns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses

Remer

Bozlak

Felkel

et al. 2022

Genes

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The Y chromosome is a valuable genetic marker for studying the origin and influence of paternal lineages in populations. In this study, we conducted Y-chromosomal lineage-tracing in Arabian horses. First, we resolved a Y haplotype phylogeny based on the next generation sequencing data of 157 males from several breeds. Y-chromosomal haplotypes specific for Arabian horses were inferred by genotyping a collection of 145 males representing most Arabian sire lines that are active around the globe. These lines formed three discrete haplogroups, and the same haplogroups were detected in Arabian populations native to the Middle East. The Arabian haplotypes were clearly distinct from the ones detected in Akhal Tekes, Turkoman horses, and the progeny of two Thoroughbred foundation sires. However, a haplotype introduced into the English Thoroughbred by the stallion Byerley Turk (1680), was shared among Arabians, Turkomans, and Akhal Tekes, which opens a discussion about the historic connections between Oriental horse types. Furthermore, we genetically traced Arabian sire line breeding in the Western World over the past 200 years. This confirmed a strong selection for relatively few male lineages and uncovered incongruences to written pedigree records. Overall, we demonstrate how fine-scaled Y-analysis contributes to a better understanding of the historical development of horse breeds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses

Remer

Bozlak

Felkel

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…In the last two centuries, the so-called “Arabian wave” has profoundly influenced the selective breeding practices of European horses [ 19 ], but no genetic signatures were found in the English Thoroughbred’s MSY ancestry [ 126 ]. A particular genetic variability was found among the Arabian stallions from the Middle East [ 29 , 84 , 126 , 146 ], thus suggesting an origin from this area for this breed.…”

Section: The Horse Y Chromosome’s Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many studies have been focused on the loss of biodiversity [ 23 , 24 , 25 ] or the increase in deleterious genotypes [ 26 ] caused by such inbreeding (as reviewed in [ 7 ]). In the last 200 years, the inbreeding practice led to the phenotypical expression at homozygous sites of deleterious variants [ 27 ], as highlighted when the coefficients are calculated in order to evaluate the genetic diversity among different horse breeds [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking Horse Y Chromosome Diversity

Cardinali

Giontella

Tommasi

et al. 2022

Genes

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The present equine genetic variation mirrors the deep influence of intensive breeding programs during the last 200 years. Here, we provide a comprehensive current state of knowledge on the trends and prospects on the variation in the equine male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY), which was assembled for the first time in 2018. In comparison with the other 12 mammalian species, horses are now the most represented, with 56 documented MSY genes. However, in contrast to the high variability in mitochondrial DNA observed in many horse breeds from different geographic areas, modern horse populations demonstrate extremely low genetic Y-chromosome diversity. The selective pressures employed by breeders using pedigree data (which are not always error-free) as a predictive tool represent the main cause of this lack of variation in the Y-chromosome. Nevertheless, the detailed phylogenies obtained by recent fine-scaled Y-chromosomal genotyping in many horse breeds worldwide have contributed to addressing the genealogical, forensic, and population questions leading to the reappraisal of the Y-chromosome as a powerful genetic marker to avoid the loss of biodiversity as a result of selective breeding practices, and to better understand the historical development of horse breeds.

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“…Sadeghi et al [ 29 ] delved into the genetic diversity in 71 Arabian horses and reported H e and H o values of 0.45 and 0.43, respectively. Furthermore, Almarzook et al [ 30 ] employed genome-wide SNP data to investigate Syrian Arab horse breeds, discovering average H e and H o values ranging between 0.30–0.31 and 0.30–0.32, respectively. These findings suggest that a diminished level of heterozygosity in this horse breed might be a consequence of intense artificial selection targeting economically significant phenotypic traits or the isolation of populations that could have led to a reduced gene flow, leading to a loss of genetic diversity [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide analysis of population structure, effective population size and inbreeding in Iranian and exotic horses

Bazvand,

Rashidi,

Zandi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Population structure and genetic diversity are the key parameters to study the breeding history of animals. This research aimed to provide a characterization of the population structure and to compare the effective population size (Ne), LD decay, genetic diversity, and genomic inbreeding in Iranian native Caspian (n = 38), Turkmen (n = 24) and Kurdish (n = 29) breeds and some other exotic horses consisting of Arabian (n = 24), Fell pony (n = 21) and Akhal-Teke (n = 20). A variety of statistical population analysis techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) and model-based method (STRUCTURE) were employed. The results of the population analysis clearly demonstrated a distinct separation of native and exotic horse breeds and clarified the relationships between studied breeds. The effective population size (Ne) for the last six generations was estimated 54, 49, 37, 35, 27 and 26 for the Caspian, Kurdish, Arabian, Turkmen, Akhal-Teke and Fell pony breeds, respectively. The Caspian breed showed the lowest LD with an average r2 value of 0.079, while the highest was observed in Fell pony (0.148). The highest and lowest average observed heterozygosity were found in the Kurdish breeds (0.346) and Fell pony (0.290) breeds, respectively. The lowest genomic inbreeding coefficient based on run of homozygosity (FROH) and excess of homozygosity (FHOM) was in the Caspian and Kurdish breeds, respectively, while based on genomic relationship matrix) FGRM) and correlation between uniting gametes) FUNI) the lowest genomic inbreeding coefficient was found in the Kurdish breed. The estimation of genomic inbreeding rates in the six breeds revealed that FROH yielded lower estimates compared to the other three methods. Additionally, the Iranian breeds displayed lower levels of inbreeding compared to the exotic breeds. Overall, the findings of this study provide valuable insights for the development of effective breeding management strategies aimed at preserving these horse breeds.

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Genetic diversity of Syrian Arabian horses

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses

Y-Chromosomal Insights into Breeding History and Sire Line Genealogies of Arabian Horses

Unlocking Horse Y Chromosome Diversity

Genome-wide analysis of population structure, effective population size and inbreeding in Iranian and exotic horses

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