Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates as determined by comparative genome hybridization

Greeff, Astrid de; Wisselink, Henk J.; Bree, F.M. de; Schultsz, Constance; Baums, Christoph Georg; Hoa, Ngo Thi; Stockhofe-Zurwieden, Norbert; Smith, Hilde E.

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-11-161

Cited by 58 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…G. mellenella larvae have been used to study antibiotic treatment for different bacterial and fungal infections [27, 35, 36]. To assess the utility of G. mellonella larvae to study antibacterial therapies against S. suis , we confirmed that antibiotic therapy could rescue larvae from S. suis infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The virulence of S. suis isolates (Table 1) that had been assessed for virulence in a piglet infection model [35] was assessed in G. mellonella larvae by inoculation with 20 μL of suspensions containing 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 8 CFU/ml and incubation at 37 °C. Notably, isolates reported as virulent in pigs (6388, 6555/NCTC 428, P1/7, 3881/S10, 7997) [35] and in a zebrafish larval model (3881/S10, 6555/NCTC 428) [26] showed dose-dependent virulence in G. mellonella larvae (Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, isolates reported as virulent in pigs (6388, 6555/NCTC 428, P1/7, 3881/S10, 7997) [35] and in a zebrafish larval model (3881/S10, 6555/NCTC 428) [26] showed dose-dependent virulence in G. mellonella larvae (Figs. 1 and 2, Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HV stands for highly virulent, V stands for virulent, WV stands for weakly virulent, and AV stands for avirulent. The virulence in pigs is described in [35] and the scale of virulence in pig infection model is as described in [35]. Strains leading to more than 50% mortality of G. mellonella larvae post-infection with 10 7 CFU/ml were considered virulent, and strains leading to less than 50% mortality of G. mellonella larvae were considered weakly virulentStrainSerotypeVirulence in pigs [35]Virulence in G. mellonella Clinical sourceReference/source63881HVVOrgansLaboratory collection [45]6555/NCTC 4281VWVT152AVWVTonsilLaboratory collection [46]S735R22WVWVUnknownLaboratory collection [35]P1/72VVUnknownLaboratory collection [35]3881/S102VV[47](J28) S10 cpsΔEF2AVWV[17]159653NDV52134NDV80397NDVCNSLaboratory collection [40]77099NDVBacteraemiaLaboratory collection [40]C1329NDWVBrain/septicemiaLaboratory collection [40]79989NDVJointLaboratory collection [40]81869NDWVTonsilLaboratory collection [40]5128/220839NDV

V virulent, HV highly virulent, WV weakly virulent, AV avirulent, ND not determined

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of Streptococcus suis

2016

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Background Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young pigs, resulting in considerable economic losses in the porcine industry. S. suis is considered an emerging zoonotic agent with increasing numbers of human cases over the last years. In the environment, both avirulent and virulent strains occur in pigs, with no evidence for consistent adapatation of virulent strains to the human host. Currently, there is an urgent need for a convenient, reliable and standardised animal model to rapidly assess S. suis virulence. Wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae have successfully been used in human and animal infectious disease studies. Here, we developed G. mellonella larvae as a model to assess virulence of S. suis strains.ResultsFourteen isolates of S. suis belonging to different serotypes killed G. mellonella larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Larvae infected with the virulent serotype 2 strain, S. suis S3881/S10, were rescued by antibiotic therapy. Crucially, the observed virulence of the different serotypes and mutants was in agreement with virulence observed in piglets (Sus scrofa) and the zebrafish larval infection model. Infection with heat-inactivated bacteria or bacteria-free culture supernatants showed that in most cases live bacteria are needed to cause mortality in G. mellonella.ConclusionsThe G. mellonella model is simple, cost-efficient, and raises less ethical issues than experiments on vertebrates and reduces infrastructure requirements. Furthermore, it allows experiments to be performed at the host temperature (37 °C). The results reported here, indicate that the G. mellonella model may aid our understanding of veterinary microbial pathogens such as the emerging zoonotic pathogen S. suis and generate hypotheses for testing in the target animal host. Ultimately, this might lead to the timely introduction of new effective remedies for infectious diseases. Last but not least, use of the G. mellonella infection model to study S. suis virulence adheres to the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs) and can potentially reduce the number of vertebrates used for experimental infection studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0905-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

V virulent, HV highly virulent, WV weakly virulent, AV avirulent, ND not determined

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of Streptococcus suis

2016

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“…However, little is known of the S. suis population structure. High genetic diversity within the species adds complexity to the understanding of the clonal relationships between strains, especially low-virulence strains (5)(6)(7). In a previous study, we developed a whole-genome sequencebased typing scheme to identify and classify S. suis populations as one of seven minimum core genome (MCG) groups (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Analysis of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Slaughtered Swine by Use of Minimum Core Genome Sequence Typing

Zheng

Lan

et al. 2014

J Clin Microbiol

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c Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen, is a highly diverse species with only a subset of strains that cause disease in humans. Our previous study proposed a minimum core genome (MCG) sequence typing method and defined seven MCG groups, with MCG group 1 as the prevalent group causing human infections. In this study, we identified a set of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed in six genes that were used to identify the seven MCG groups. The 10 SNPs were typed for 179 S. suis isolates collected from slaughtered pigs. The most prevalent groups among the tested isolates were MCG groups 6 and 7. Most of the isolates (147/179) were genotyped as mrp negative, epf negative, sly negative, and CDS2157 positive. The 179 isolates were also typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and divided into 115 sequence types (STs), 111 of which were new. The 6 serotypes (29, 11, 5, 12, 30, and 2) represented 72.3% of the serotyped isolates. Our data show that the typing assay facilitates the application of genome data to the surveillance of S. suis.

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Streptococcus suis Deploys Multiple ATP‐Dependent Proteases for Heat Stress Adaptation

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Basic Microbiology

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Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing cytokine storms of Streptococcal toxic shock‐like syndrome amongst humans after a wound infection into the bloodstream. To overcome the challenges of fever and leukocyte recruitment, invasive S. suis must deploy multiple stress responses forming a network and utilize proteases to degrade short‐lived regulatory and misfolded proteins induced by adverse stresses, thereby adapting and evading host immune responses. In this study, we found that S. suis encodes multiple ATP‐dependent proteases, including single‐chain FtsH and double‐subunit Clp protease complexes ClpAP, ClpBP, ClpCP, and ClpXP, which were activated as the fever of infected mice in vivo. The expression of genes ftsH, clpA/B/C, and clpP, but not clpX, were significantly upregulated in S. suis in response to heat stress, while were not changed notably under the treatments with several other stresses, including oxidative, acidic, and cold stimulation. FtsH and ClpP were required for S. suis survival within host blood under heat stress in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of ftsH or clpP attenuated the tolerance of S. suis to heat, oxidative and acidic stresses, and significantly impaired the bacterial survival within macrophages. Further analysis identified that repressor CtsR directly binds and controls the clpA/B/C and clpP operons and is relieved by heat stress. In summary, the deployments of multiple ATP‐dependent proteases form a flexible heat stress response network that appears to allow S. suis to fine‐tune the degradation or refolding of the misfolded proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis and optimal survival during infection.

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Genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates as determined by comparative genome hybridization

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of Galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of Streptococcus suis

Evaluation of Galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of Streptococcus suis

Population Analysis of Streptococcus suis Isolates from Slaughtered Swine by Use of Minimum Core Genome Sequence Typing

Streptococcus suis Deploys Multiple ATP‐Dependent Proteases for Heat Stress Adaptation

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