Genetic Diversity of SARS-CoV2 and Environmental Settings: Possible Association with Neurological Disorders

Hasana, Sharifa; Hossain, Farhad; Jalouli, Maroua; Kabir, Tanvir; Uddin, Md. Giash; Wahed, Mir Imam Ibne; Behl, Tapan; Bin-Jumah, May; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Aleya, Lotfi; Uddin, Sahab

doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02239-z

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The outbreak soon spread all over the world and the World Health Organization (WHO) soon declared it a global pandemic (Yasir et al 2020 ; Kumar et al 2021 ). There is virtually no country in the world that has not been affected by this pandemic (El-Sayed et al 2021 ; Hasana et al 2021 ). As of 5th June 2021, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 173 M, with 3.72 M reported deaths (Worldometers 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does temperature matter for COVID-19 transmissibility? Evidence across Pakistani provinces

Irfan

Ikram

Ahmad

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a global concern that is deteriorating environmental quality and damaging human health. Though some researchers have investigated the linkage between temperature and COVID-19 transmissibility across different geographical locations and over time, yet these studies are scarce. This study aims to bridge this gap using daily temperature and COVID-19 cases (transmissibility) by employing grey incidence analysis (GIA) models (i.e., Deng’s grey incidence analysis (DGIA), the absolute degree GIA (ADGIA), the second synthetic degree GIA (SSDGIA), the conservative (maximin) model) and correlation analysis. Data on temperature are accessed from the NASA database, while the data on COVID-19 cases are collected from the official website of the government of Pakistan. Empirical results reveal the existence of linkages between temperature and COVID-19 in all Pakistani provinces. These linkages vary from a relatively stronger to a relatively weaker linkage. Based on calculated weights, the strength of linkages is ranked across provinces as follows: Gilgit Baltistan (0.715301) > Baluchistan (0.675091) > Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (0.619893) > Punjab (0.619286) > Sindh (0.601736). The disparity in the strength of linkage among provinces is explained by the discrepancy in the intensity of temperature. Besides, the diagrammatic correlation analysis shows that temperature is inversely linked to COVID-19 cases (per million persons) over time, implying that low temperatures are associated with high COVID-19 transmissibility and vice versa. This study is among the first of its kind to consider the linkages between temperature and COVID-19 transmissibility for a tropical climate country (Pakistan) using the advanced GIA models. Research findings provide an up-to-date glimpse of the outbreak and emphasize the need to raise public awareness about the devastating impacts of the COVID-19. The educational syllabus should provide information on the causes, signs, and precautions of the pandemic. Additionally, individuals should practice handwashing, social distancing, personal hygiene, mask-wearing, and the use of hand sanitizers to ensure a secure and supportive atmosphere for preventing and controlling the current pandemic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does temperature matter for COVID-19 transmissibility? Evidence across Pakistani provinces

Irfan

Ikram

Ahmad

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The clinical results of COVID-19 on patients with cardiovascular diseases and cardiopulmonary injuries have been reported [2]. COVID-19 accelerates the pathogenesis of the neurological disorders, although the pathogenic mechanisms between COVID-19 and neurological disorders are not very clear [3].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, Wang et al identified a human defensin 5 (HD5), secreted by Paneth cells to bind (1) "Classical RAS ACE-Ang II-AT1 regulatory axis" and (2) "ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas counter-regulatory axis." Abbreviations: (P) RR, (pro) renin receptor; Ang, angiotensin; ACE, angiotensinconverting enzyme; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; NEP, neutral endopeptidase; PEP, prolyl endopeptidase; PCP, prolyl carboxypeptidase [3]. B Structure of S CTD-human ACE2 Complex: The core subdomain and external subdomain in SARS-CoV-2-CTD are colored cyan and orange, respectively.…”

Section: Ace2: a Receptor Of Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement system in COVID-19 patients and therapeutic applications of antiviral plant MBLs

Gupta

2021

Mol Cell Biochem

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a virus called "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)." In the majority of patients, infection with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or may cause only mild symptoms. However, in some patients, there can also be immunological problems, such as macrophage activation syndrome (CSS) that results in cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Comprehension of host-microbe communications is the critical aspect in the advancement of new therapeutics against infectious illnesses. Endogenous animal lectins, a class of proteins, may perceive non-self glycans found on microorganisms. Serum mannose-binding lectin (sMBL), as a part of the innate immune framework, recognizes a wide range of microbial microorganisms and activates complement cascade via an antibody-independent pathway. Although the molecular basis for the intensity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not generally understood, scientific literature indicates that COVID-19 is correlated with unregulated activation of the complement in terms of disease severity. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), inflammation, and immune paralysis contribute to unregulated complement activation. Pre-existing genetic defects in MBL and their association with complement play a major role in immune response dysregulation caused by SARS-CoV-2. In order to generate anti-complement-based therapies in Covid-19, an understanding of sMBL in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and complement is therefore essential. This review highlights the role of endogenous sMBL and complement activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their therapeutic management by various agents, mainly plant lectins, since antiviral mannose-binding plant lectins (pMBLs) offer potential applications in the prevention and control of viral infections.

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“…The gradual respiratory failure observed leads to injuries, with the number of cells in monocytes, lymphocytes, leukocytes, cytokines, T cells, and biomarker-related infections changing in the serious cases (Wang et al 2020c). These infection strategies of COVID-19 are depended explicitly on their strains and genomic pattern (Torres et al 2021;Hasana et al 2021). However, it was quickly shown that COVID-19 also targets other organic systems, whether through overt viral infection or indirect immune response results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and their environmental implications: a comprehensive analysis

Biswas¹,

Hasan

Dey

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

Self Cite

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Emerging from Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 is the new global threat that killed millions of people, and many are still suffering. This pandemic has not only affected people but also caused economic crisis throughout the world. Researchers have shown good progress in revealing the molecular insights of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and developing vaccines, but effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are yet to be found. Several vaccines are available and used in many countries, while many others are still in clinical or preclinical studies. However, this involves a long-term process, considering the safety procedures and requirements and their long-term protection capacity and in different age groups are still questionable. Therefore, at present, the drug repurposing of the existing therapeutics previously designed against other viral diseases seems to be the only practical approach to mitigate the current situation. The safety of most of these therapeutic agents has already been tested. Recent clinical reports revealed promising therapeutic efficiency of several drugs such as remdesivir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, baricitinib, and cepharanthine. Besides, plasma therapies were used to treat patients and prevent fatal outcomes. Thus, in this article, we have summarized the epidemiological and clinical data from several clinical trials conducted since the beginning of the pandemic, emphasizing the efficiency of the known agents against SARS-CoV-2 and their harmful side effects on the human body as well as their environmental implications. This review shows a clear overview of the current pharmaceutical perspective on COVID-19 treatment.

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Genetic Diversity of SARS-CoV2 and Environmental Settings: Possible Association with Neurological Disorders

Cited by 34 publications

References 118 publications

Does temperature matter for COVID-19 transmissibility? Evidence across Pakistani provinces

Does temperature matter for COVID-19 transmissibility? Evidence across Pakistani provinces

Status of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement system in COVID-19 patients and therapeutic applications of antiviral plant MBLs

Candidate antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and their environmental implications: a comprehensive analysis

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