Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii in colonized Cuban infants and toddlers

Monroy-Vaca, Ernesto Xavier; Armas, Yaxsier de; Illnait-Zaragozí, María Teresa; Dı́az, Raúl; Toraño, Gilda; Vega, Dania; Alvarez-Lam, Ileana; Calderón, E.; Stensvold, Christen Rune

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.12.024

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…15 First, a single-round PCR was performed for each locus, as described elsewhere. [16][17][18][19] A nested PCR was performed for SOD locus, as previously described on samples that failed to give amplification with a single-round PCR. The discriminatory power was determined using Hunter index (H).…”

Section: Pneumocystis Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy: Additional French data and review of the literature

et al. 2019

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Data on features of Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy are still fragmented. To study Pneumocystis primary infection, 192 infants who were monitored for acute pulmonary disease or fever over a 40-month period were retrospectively investigated. P. jirovecii detection on archival nasopharyngeal aspirates was performed using a qPCR assay. Factors associated with P. jirovecii were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. P. jirovecii genotypes in infants and a control group of adults contemporaneously diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia were identified using unilocus, bilocus, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). P. jirovecii was detected in 35 infants (18.2%). The univariate analysis pointed out four factors: viral infection (P = .035, OR [IC 95], 2.2 [1.1-4.7]), lower respiratory tract infection (P = .032, OR [IC 95], 2.5 [1.1-5.9]), absence of hospital discharge after birth (P = .003, OR (IC 95), 0.1 (0.02-0.5]), and the 63-189-day group (P < .001, OR [IC 95],). The multivariate analysis confirmed these two latter factors (P = .02, OR [IC 95], 0.1 [0.02-0.72]; P = .005, OR [IC 95], 11.5 [2.1-63.5]). Thus, P. jirovecii acquisition mostly takes place in the community. A comparison of these data with those of previously published studies showed that median and interquartile range of positive-infant ages were close to those observed in Chile, Denmark, and Peru, highlighting similar characteristics. Common unilocus or bilocus genotypes were identified in infants and adults, whereas no MLST genotypes were shared. Therefore, a common reservoir made up of infected infants and adults is still hypothetical. Finally, primary infection is a worldwide phenomenon occurring at the same time in childhood regardless of geographical location, rather than an incidental event.

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Section: Pneumocystis Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy: Additional French data and review of the literature

et al. 2019

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“…Lower efficiency of amplification of three other genetic fragments recorded by us may be associated with the fact that genes such as SOD and DHPS occur in a single copy in the Pneumocystis genome, so it is more difficult to amplify them, especially in case of low fungal burden, typical for colonization (Maitte et al 2013; Monroy-Vaca et al 2014). Similarly, DHPS and SOD amplification also failed in most cases of colonized patients with various pulmonary diseases (Sokulska et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This enabled confirmation of the presence of P. jirovecii DNA in a patient sample, as well as identification of polymorphisms occurring at two informative positions of this locus (85 and 248). All samples positive for mtLSU rRNA were additionally subjected to n -PCR reactions with specific pairs of primers amplifying the CYB , DHPS , and SOD loci, as described previously (Helweg-Larsen et al 1999; Costa et al 2005; Esteves et al 2010b; Monroy-Vaca et al 2014). Similarly, bands of expected sizes (620 bp, 186 bp, and 578 bp for CYB , DHPS , and SOD , respectively) were visualized, purified, and sequenced as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, bands of expected sizes (620 bp, 186 bp, and 578 bp for CYB , DHPS , and SOD , respectively) were visualized, purified, and sequenced as described above. Polymorphisms at informative positions were analyzed: 279, 348, 516, 547, 566, and 838 for CYB ; 165 and 171 for DHPS ; 110 and 215 for SOD (Achari et al 1997; Esteves et al 2010b; Monroy-Vaca et al 2014) . ChromasPro (version 2.1.1, Technelysium Pty Ltd., Australia) and BLAST software accessible online (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) were used for manual sequence alignment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii in renal transplant recipients—preliminary report

et al. 2018

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Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus occurring in human lungs. The group at highest risk consists of HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed individuals. In these patients, P. jirovecii infection may lead to Pneumocystis pneumonia; it may, however, persist also in an asymptomatic form. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. jirovecii and potential risk factors for infection in a group of renal transplant recipients and to characterize the genetic diversity of this fungus in the studied population. Sputum specimens from 72 patients were tested for presence of P. jirovecii using immunofluorescence microscopy, as well as nested PCR targeting the mtLSU rRNA gene. Genotyping involving analysis of four loci—mtLSU rRNA, CYB, DHPS, and SOD—was used to characterize the diversity of the detected organisms. Pneumocystis DNA was detected in eight (11.11%) patients. It has been shown that low eosinophil count and dual immunosuppressive treatment combining prednisone and calcineurin inhibitors are potential risk factors for colonization. Analysis of genotype distribution showed an association of the wild-type genotype of mtLSU rRNA with lower average age of patients and shorter time after kidney transplantation. Furthermore, CYB 2 genotype was detected only in patients with the ongoing prophylaxis regimen. In conclusion, renal transplant recipients are at risk of Pneumocystis colonization even a long time after transplantation. The present preliminary study identifies specific polymorphisms that appear to be correlated with certain patient characteristics and highlights the need for deeper investigation of these associations in renal transplant recipients.

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“…Unfortunately, we were unable to amplify all loci for all PCR positive specimens due to the assumed low fungal burden as also described by others. 16 This indicates the need for larger volume sampling in future prospective studies examining for P. jirovecii prevalence in children.…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonisation with Pneumocystis jirovecii in Australian infants

et al. 2015

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Genetic diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii in colonized Cuban infants and toddlers

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy: Additional French data and review of the literature

Pneumocystis primary infection in infancy: Additional French data and review of the literature

Prevalence and genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii in renal transplant recipients—preliminary report

Colonisation with Pneumocystis jirovecii in Australian infants

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