Genetic diversity of Indian garlic core germplasm using agro-biochemical traits and SRAP markers

Abstract

The characterization of garlic germplasm improves its utility, despite the fact that garlic hasn't been used much in the past. Garlic has an untapped genetic pool of immense economic and medicinal value in India. Hence, using heuristic core collection approach, a core set of 46 accessions were selected from 625 Indian garlic accessions based on 13 quantitative and five qualitative traits. The statistical measures (CV per cent, CR per cent, VR per cent) were used to sort the core set using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Nei diversity index. In addition, the variation within the core set was tested for 18 agro-morphological and six biochemical characteristics (allicin, phenol content, pyruvic acid, protein, allyl methyl thiosulfinate (AMTHS), and methyl allyl thiosulfinate (MATHS)). Further study of the core set's molecular diversity was performed using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, which revealed a wide range of diversity among the core set's accessions, with an average polymorphism efficiency (PE) of 80.59 percent, polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.29, effective multiplex ratio (EMR) of 3.51, and marker index (MI) of 0.99. The findings of this study will be useful in identifying high-yielding, elite garlic germplasm lines with the trait of interest. Since this core set is indicative of total germplasm, these selected breeding lines will be used for genetic improvement of garlic in the future.

Efficient Elimination of Viruses from Garlic Using a Combination of Shoot Meristem Culture, Thermotherapy, and Chemical Treatment

“…LYSV and IYSV, because the level of LYSV infection was negligible in our genetic stock, and IYSV is not reported to be transmitted through seed/bulbs [ 45 ]. The conventional breeding techniques are not suitable for developing virus-resistant varieties of garlic due to its floral sterility [ 4 , 6 ]. Presently, viruses can be eliminated from these crops through different physical and chemical techniques to obtain virus-free propagating materials [ 14 , 27 , 28 , 40 , 41 , 46 ].…”

“…India has a smaller rate of garlic production compared to other garlic-producing countries due to environmental and geographical differences [ 3 ]. The primary limitation in the genetic improvement of garlic is sexual sterility [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Greek Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Accessions Using DNA Markers and Association with Phenotypic and Chemical Variation

“…It belongs to the genus Allium, which includes almost 1008 species distributed in 15 subgenera and more than 70 sections [3,4]. Within the Alliaceae family, garlic is the most widely consumed bulb after onion [5]. The total world production for garlic reached 28,204,854.32 metric tons in 2021, with China being the largest producer, accounting for nearly 73% of total world production at 20,513,385.83 tons.…”

“…In Greece, garlic is cultivated in approximately 780 ha with a total production of 8230 tons (http://fao.org/faostat/, accessed on 28 April 2023). tion, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) [16,[37][38][39], random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [14,40,41], sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs) [5,42], insertions-deletions (InDels) [39], inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) [1,18,22], and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) [2,15,17,35,[43][44][45]. Among these types of markers, SSRs became very popular since they are typically codominant, reproducible, highly polymorphic, and cross-species transferable [17,26], while ISSRs are broadly used in genetic studies as they are informative, reliable, and efficient in laboratory usage [18,28].…”

Morphological and molecular diversity of underutilized and cultivated Allium species from India

“…The genus Allium consists of 1063 species comprising cultivated, underutilized, wild and ornamental species (Anonymous, 2023). Worldwide A. cepa L. is the most widely grown for commercial purpose followed by A. sativum L., A. stulosum L., A. tuberosum Rotter S Spreng., A. ampeloprasum L. (Benke et al 2021). However the wild Allium species are a valuable source of bene cial genes for conferring resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and enhancing nutritional value (Benke et al 2021).…”