Genetic diversity of <i>Solanum elaeagnifolium</i>, an invasive problematic weed in Jordan

Qasem, J. R.; Al‐Abdallat, Ayed; Hasan, Shireen

doi:10.1111/wre.12360

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The control of S. elaeagnifolium is highly challenging due to its vigorous vegetative growth and extensive root system (Qasem et al 2019). Although glyphosate and ammonium sulfate can provide effective control (Gitsopoulos et al 2017), the lack of selectivity of the two herbicides limits their usage for control scenarios such as preemergence and direct spraying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a temperature-based seed germination model for silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

2022

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Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) has become a highly troublesome weed in irrigated summer crops in Israel. Since herbicide-based options to control this weed are limited, the best way to improve weed control is through a study of its biology, particularly its germination dynamics. The main objective of this study was thus to determine the impact of temperature on the seed germination dynamics of S. elaeagnifolium and to develop a temperature-based (thermal) prediction model for three S. elaeagnifolium populations growing in different ecosystems in Israel. To this end, a laboratory study was undertaken in which the germination proportion of S. elaeagnifolium seeds were monitored under seven temperature regimes: 2/8, 7/13, 12/18, 17/23, 22/28, 27/33 and 32/38 C (night/day). In addition, the impact of alternating temperature regimes between night and day temperatures (of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 C), that were averaged over 20 and 25 C, was determined. It was found that the three populations shared similar germination characteristics and dynamics. An alternation of ≥ 6 C between night and day temperatures was needed for optimal germination, with no germination taking place under constant temperatures. In all three populations, the minimal requirement for germination was a 12/18 C (night/day) regime, with the final germination proportion lying between 0.25 and 0.36. The highest final germination proportion ≥0.8 was observed for the 17/23 C regime in all three populations. Modeling the germination rate as a function of temperature allowed us to determine cardinal temperatures for all three populations taken together, with the values being T b = 10.8 C (base temperature), T o = 23.8 C (optimal temperature) and T c = 35.9 C (ceiling temperature). These biological parameters allowed accurate (RMSE<0.06%) prediction of S. elaeagnifolium seed germination over the entire temperature range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a temperature-based seed germination model for silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

2022

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“…Although previous studies documented the morphological and acoustic characteristics of buzzing bees and their host plants, we are still at the early stages of understanding such species-specific interactions at the community level [14,[26][27][28][29]. This is more ecologically relevant in invasive weeds, where pollination success, and consequently seed set, is a driving force in invasion success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Role of Buzzing Time and Acoustics on Pollen Extraction of Solanum elaeagnifolium

Tayal

Kariyat

2021

Plants

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Buzz pollination is a specialized pollination syndrome that requires vibrational energy to extract concealed pollen grains from poricidal anthers. Although a large body of work has examined the ecology of buzz pollination, whether acoustic properties of buzz pollinators affect pollen extraction is less understood, especially in weeds and invasive species. We examined the pollination biology of Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), a worldwide invasive weed, in its native range in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in south Texas. Over two years, we documented the floral visitors on S. elaeagnifolium, their acoustic parameters (buzzing amplitude, frequency, and duration of buzzing) and estimated the effects of the latter two factors on pollen extraction. We found five major bee genera: Exomalopsis, Halictus, Megachile, Bombus, and Xylocopa, as the most common floral visitors on S. elaeagnifolium in the LRGV. Bee genera varied in their duration of total buzzing time, duration of each visit, and mass. While we did not find any significant differences in buzzing frequency among different genera, an artificial pollen collection experiment using an electric toothbrush showed that the amount of pollen extracted is significantly affected by the duration of buzzing. We conclude that regardless of buzzing frequency, buzzing duration is the most critical factor in pollen removal in this species.

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“…Despite genetic diversity studies on introduced S. elaeagnifolium populations in different geographic locations, including Europe, Australia, and South America (Chiarini et al 2018;Qasem et al 2019;Zhu et al 2012Zhu et al , 2013aZhu et al , 2013b, the available genetic marker resource for the species remains limited. Previous research to evaluate the transferability of SSR markers from related Solanum species identified 13 out of 35 SSRs that can amplify targets in S. elaeagnifolium, although only 6 were polymorphic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-species transferability of Solanum spp. DNA markers and their application in assessing genetic variation in silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) populations from Texas, USA

et al. 2020

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Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) is an invasive species that has successfully spread outside its native range to become a noxious weed in 21 states in the United States and 42 countries worldwide. The successful establishment of S. elaeagnifolium outside its native habitat indicates its innate ability to adapt to a multitude of environments. Phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic adaptation have been identified as key mechanisms underlying the adaptive success of invasive species. Whereas phenotypic plasticity allows a species to buffer changes in the environment by altering its phenotypic attributes within the short term, genetic adaptation is responsible for the longer-term adaptability of plants to heterogeneous environments and is dependent on the amount of genetic variation present in the species. In this study, we screened DNA markers that are specific to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Solanum lycopersicoides Dunal for their interspecific transferability to S. elaeagnifolium and determined the applicability of the transferable DNA markers in assessing the extent of genetic variation in populations from Lubbock, Littlefield, and Blackwell, TX. Of the 187 markers screened, 78 successfully amplified targets in S. elaeagnifolium, indicating the evolutionary conservation of marker loci across S. lycopersicum, S. lycopersicoides, and S. elaeagnifolium, despite their genetic divergence millions of years ago. Genotyping of S. elaeagnifolium populations using 50 DNA markers that consistently amplified clear bands in more than 60% of the plants identified nine polymorphic markers with 0.014 to 0.621 polymorphism information content. Genetic diversity analysis by DNA marker profiling established genetic variation among populations and within individuals of different populations. Unweighted paired group method with arithmetic mean analysis grouped the plants into six clusters that are generally defined by selection pressures unique to each collection site. Results of the study indicate the capacity of S. elaeagnifolium for genetic differentiation in response to variable selection pressures within the same geographic region.

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Genetic diversity of Solanum elaeagnifolium, an invasive problematic weed in Jordan

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Development of a temperature-based seed germination model for silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Development of a temperature-based seed germination model for silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Examining the Role of Buzzing Time and Acoustics on Pollen Extraction of Solanum elaeagnifolium

Cross-species transferability of Solanum spp. DNA markers and their application in assessing genetic variation in silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) populations from Texas, USA

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