Genetic diversity ofSclerotiniaspecies from Alaskan vegetable crops

Case Study: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Genetic Diversity and Disease Control

“…Over a period of 20 years, population studies on S. sclerotiorum carried out in the Unites States and Canada have revealed a predominantly clonal mode of reproduction (Kohn et al, 1991;Kohli et al, 1995;Cubeta et al, 1997;Kohli and Kohn, 1998;Winton et al, 2006), with some evidence of outcrossing contributing to the population structure in a few temperate regions of North America (Atallah et al, 2004;Malvárez et al, 2007), as previously described in item 3.1.…”

First report of Sclerotinia subarctica in France detected with a rapid PCR-based test

“…When tested on S. subarctica isolates, Winton et al (2006) showed that no amplification occurred for three of these loci (13-2, 55-4 and 110-4) and that the two others yielded alleles different from those expected for S. sclerotiorum (347 or 370 bp for locus 17-3 and 320 bp for locus 114-4). In the present study, markers were amplified with forward primers conjugated with the following fluorescent dyes: FAM for loci 13-2, 17-3 and 55-4, and HEX for loci 110-4 and 114-4 (MWG).…”

“…These sclerotia were identical to those formed on witloof chicory and presented the same morphology and size range as those generally observed for S. sclerotiorum. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t (Holst-Jensen et al 1998;Clarkson et al 2010Clarkson et al , 2013Clarkson et al , 2017Warmington 2014) and on vegetables such as bean, cabbage, carrot, celery root, Jerusalem artichoke, lettuce, pea, potato, pumpkin, rutabaga and turnip rape (Winton et al 2006;Warmington 2014;Norskog et al 2014;Brodal et al 2016;Clarkson et al 2017). This host range is still quite modest compared to that of S. sclerotiorum (more than 400 species, Boland & Hall 1994), but it is likely to continue increasing in future years, as suggested by infectivity tests carried out with S. subarctica isolates from meadow buttercup on additional plant species such as broccoli, canola and turnip (Clarkson et al 2010;Taylor et al 2015).…”

“…Such models generally predict the development of apothecia and the release of airborne ascospores on the basis of climatic parameters such as air or soil temperature, air or soil moisture levels and leaf wetness. Field implementation of such models may be complicated by the occurrence of strains of the pathogen with differing biological requirements (Clarkson et al 2007 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 1998), the latter species was found on cultivated crops in northern regions, including Alaska (Winton et al 2006), Norway (Warmington 2014;Norskog et al 2014;Brodal et al 2016;Clarkson et al 2016Clarkson et al , 2017, Scotland (Warmington 2014;Clarkson et al 2010Clarkson et al , 2013Clarkson et al , 2017 and Sweden (Warmington 2014;Clarkson et al 2017). Compared to S. sclerotiorum, which…”

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Diagnostic System for Crop-Associated Sclerotinia Species

“…de Bary, S. minor Jagger, S. trifoliorum Erikss., and the undescribed species Sclerotinia species 1. Sclerotinia species 1 is an important cause of disease in vegetables in Alaska (16) and has been found in association with wild Taraxacum sp., Caltha palustris, and Aconitum septentrionalis in Norway (7). It is morphologically indistinguishable from S. sclerotiorum, but it was shown to be a distinct species based on distinctive polymorphisms in sequences from internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal repeat (7).…”