Genetic diversity of<i>Phytophthora capsici</i>isolates from pepper and pumpkin in Argentina

Gobena, Daniel; Roig, J.; Galmarini, Claudio R.; Hulvey, Jonathan P.; Lamour, Kurt

doi:10.3852/11-147

Cited by 56 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The pathogen used in our experimental bioassays, P. capsici, is considered to be a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and causes significant losses worldwide [54-56]. Our unpublished data showed over-expression of cacao NPR1 gene can increase the resistance to P. capsici in detached leaf assays, which is consistent with previous findings that NPR1-dependent pathway is mainly involved in defense against (hemi) biotrophic pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response

et al. 2013

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BackgroundArabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1) is a transcription coactivator that plays a central role in regulating the transcriptional response to plant pathogens. Developing flowers of homozygous npr3 mutants are dramatically more resistant to infection by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, suggesting a role of NPR3 as a repressor of NPR1-mediated defense response with a novel role in flower development.ResultsWe report here the characterization of a putative NPR3 gene from the tropical tree species Theobroma cacao (TcNPR3). Like in Arabidopsis, TcNPR3 was constitutively expressed across a wide range of tissue types and developmental stages but with some differences in relative levels compared to Arabidopsis. To test the function of TcNPR3, we performed transgenic complementation analysis by introducing a constitutively expressing putative TcNPR3 transgene into an Arabidopsis npr3 mutant. TcNPR3 expressing Arabidopsis plants were partially restored to the WT pathogen phenotype (immature flowers susceptible to bacterial infection). To test TcNPR3 function directly in cacao tissues, a synthetic microRNA targeting TcNPR3 mRNA was transiently expressed in cacao leaves using an Agrobacterium-infiltration method. TcNPR3 knock down leaf tissues were dramatically more resistance to infection with Phytophthora capsici in a leaf bioassay, showing smaller lesion sizes and reduced pathogen replication.ConclusionsWe conclude that TcNPR3 functions similar to the Arabidopsis NPR3 gene in the regulation of the cacao defense response. Since TcNPR3 did not show a perfect complementation of the Arabidopsis NPR3 mutation, the possibility remains that other functions of TcNPR3 remain to be found. This novel knowledge can contribute to the breeding of resistant cacao varieties against pathogens through molecular markers based approaches or biotechnological strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response

et al. 2013

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“…In North American P. capsici populations, outcrossing is common and important for survival and there is no correlation between mating type and genetic similarity (6,11,22,23). The situation in Gansu is similar to populations of P. capsici in Peru and Argentina, where long-lived widely dispersed clonal lineages dominate; however, in these countries, there is often only a single mating type (12,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The phenotypic and genotypic diversity of P. capsici has been investigated at locations worldwide (1,12,17,23,30,36,37). In North America and South Africa, populations are diverse and outcrossing appears to be common (11,23,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetically Diverse Long-Lived Clonal Lineages ofPhytophthora capsicifrom Pepper in Gansu, China

Hu¹,

Pang²,

Bi³

et al. 2013

Phytopathology®

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Phytophthora capsici causes significant loss to pepper production in China, and our objective was to investigate the population structure in Gansu province. Between 2007 and 2011, 279 isolates were collected from pepper at 24 locations. Isolates (or subsets) were assessed for simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotype, metalaxyl resistance, mating type, and physiological race using cultivars from the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC) and New Mexico recombinant inbred lines (NMRILs). The A1 and A2 mating types were recovered from nine locations and metalaxyl-resistant isolates from three locations. A total of 104 isolates tested on the AVRDC panel resolved five physiological races. None of 42 isolates tested on the NMRIL panel caused visible infection. SSR genotyping of 127 isolates revealed 59 unique genotypes, with 42 present as singletons and 17 having 2 to 13 isolates. Isolates with identical genotypes were recovered from multiple sites across multiple years and, in many cases, had different race types or metalaxyl sensitivities. Isolates clustered into three groups with each group having almost exclusively the A1 or A2 mating type. Overall it appears long-lived genetically diverse clonal lineages are dispersed across Gansu, outcrossing is rare, and functionally important variation exists within a clonal framework.

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“…It’s main hosts are peppers and cucurbits and during the last ninety years P. capsici has spread geographically as agricultural cultivation of these hosts has intensified; dynamically adapting to fungicides and new hosts (Leonian 1922; Erwin and Ribeiro 1996; Lamour and Hausbeck 2001; Hausbeck and Lamour 2004; Gevens et al 2008; Hurtado-Gonzales et al 2008; Lamour and Kamoun 2009; Meitz et al 2010; Lamour et al 2011; Gobena et al 2012). Like other members of this destructive genus (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing and Mapping Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity as a Mechanism for Rapid Adaptation in the Vegetable Pathogen Phytophthora capsici

Lamour¹,

Mudge²,

Gobena³

et al. 2012

MPMI

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245

207

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The oomycete vegetable pathogen Phytophthora capsici has shown remarkable adaptation to fungicides and new hosts. Like other members of this destructive genus, P. capsici has an explosive epidemiology, rapidly producing massive numbers of asexual spores on infected hosts. In addition, P. capsici can remain dormant for years as sexually-recombined oospores, making it difficult to produce crops at infested sites, and allowing outcrossing populations to maintain significant genetic variation. Genome sequencing, development of a high-density genetic map, and integrative genomic/genetic characterization of P. capsici field isolates and intercross progeny revealed significant mitotic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and higher levels of SNVs than those reported for humans, plants, and P. infestans. LOH was detected in clonally propagated field isolates and sexual progeny, cumulatively affecting >30% of the genome. LOH altered genotypes for more than 11,000 single nucleotide variant (SNV) sites and showed a strong association with changes in mating type and pathogenicity. Overall, it appears that LOH may provide a rapid mechanism for fixing alleles and may be an important component of adaptability for P. capsici.

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Genetic diversity ofPhytophthora capsiciisolates from pepper and pumpkin in Argentina

Cited by 56 publications

References 23 publications

TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response

TcNPR3 from Theobroma cacao functions as a repressor of the pathogen defense response

Genetically Diverse Long-Lived Clonal Lineages ofPhytophthora capsicifrom Pepper in Gansu, China

Genome Sequencing and Mapping Reveal Loss of Heterozygosity as a Mechanism for Rapid Adaptation in the Vegetable Pathogen Phytophthora capsici

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