Genetic diversity of equine gammaherpesviruses (γ-EHV) and isolation of a syncytium forming EHV-2 strain from a horse in Iceland

Thorsteinsdóttir, Lilja; Torfason, Einar G.; Torsteinsdóttir, Sigurbjörg; Svansson, Vilhjálmur

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.011

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Alternatively, lack of amplification of the conventional PCR product may reflect the quality of template DNA, as qPCR was designed to amplify a much shorter product (~ 78 bp) than conventional PCR (> 1300 bp). Altogether, our results agree with the results of others [ 9 , 25 , 47 , 50 , 58 ], and confirm high genetic variability between field EHV-2 viruses. The importance of this variability on biological properties of the virus and interactions with its equine host remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses

Stasiak

Dunowska

Rola

2018

Virol J

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BackgroundEquid herpesviruses (EHVs) are widespread in equine populations worldwide. While the infection with equine α-herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has been linked to several clinical outcomes, the pathogenic potential for equine γ-herpesviruses (EHV-2 and EHV-5) is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of infection with EHVs among Polish horses, to investigate factors associated with EHV infections among horses sampled, and to determine genetic variability within Polish EHV-2 isolates.MethodsVirus-specific real-time PCR assays were used for detection of EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4 and EHV-5 in nasal swabs collected from 540 horses from 13 national horse studs located throughout Poland. A proportion of EHV-2/5 positive samples were subjected to virus isolation followed by amplification and analysis of partial glycoprotein B sequence.ResultsOverall, 448/540 (83.0%) horses sampled were positive for at least one virus. The most prevalent was infection with EHV-2 (77.2%), followed by EHV-5 (47.0%), and EHV-4 (0.4%). None of the horses was positive for EHV-1. Approximately half of the virus-infected horses were positive for both EHV-2 and EHV-5. The proportion of EHV-2/5 positive horses varied by age, breed, and season. Only 8.0% of horses sampled, mostly Arabians, showed clinical signs of respiratory disease at the time of sampling. The viral load of both EHV-2 and EHV-5 DNA was highest in swabs from young horses, which was particularly evident for EHV-2 infected foals. Mean viral loads in nasal swabs collected from diseased horses were higher than in swabs from healthy horses. That was also true for EHV-2 when only diseased Arabian foals were considered, but the levels of EHV-5 DNA were lower in swabs from diseased than from healthy foals. In agreement with other studies, there was a considerable variability between Polish EHV-2 sequences, with no clustering of sequences from horses with different health status. The level of EHV-2 variability seemed to differ between different studs/breeds.ConclusionsThe presence of foals and yearlings on a property is likely to increase the risk of active EHV-2/5 infection among in-contact horses. The existence of breed-specific differences in susceptibility to EHV-2/5 infections should be further investigated, as it may provide one variable that needs to be considered in attempts to associate EHV-2/5 infections with disease. Overall, the data presented add to the existing knowledge of the epidemiology and biology of equine γ-herpesviruses, with the long-term goal of better understanding of the pathogenesis and the impact of infections with these viruses on the well-being of the horse.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses

Stasiak

Dunowska

Rola

2018

Virol J

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“…Moreover, EHV‐5 showed 95.1–99.5% nucleotide and 94.7–98.6% amino acid sequence identity with reference strains from GenBank. This high degree of genetic heterogeneity in equine gammaherpesviruses EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 is in agreement with previous studies conducted elsewhere (Bell et al., ,b; Ataseven et al., ; Brault et al., ; Thorsteinsdóttir et al., ). Whether this genetic heterogeneity of the gammaherpesviruses has an association with the clinical outcome or not is not clear and deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) -1, -2, -4 and -5 in Ethiopian Equids with and without Respiratory Problems and Genetic Characterization of EHV-2 and EHV-5 Strains

Negussie

Gizaw

Tesfaw

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Infections with equine herpesviruses (EHVs) are widespread in equine populations worldwide. Whereas both EHV-1 and EHV-4 produce well-documented respiratory syndromes in equids, the contribution of EHV-2 and EHV-5 to disease of the respiratory tract is still enigmatic. This study describes the detection and genetic characterization of EHVs from equids with and without clinical respiratory disease. Virus-specific PCRs were used to detect EHV-1, -2, -4 and -5. From the total of 160 equids with respiratory disease, EHV-5 was detected at the highest prevalence (23.1%), followed by EHV-2 (20.0%), EHV-4 (8.1%) and EHV-1 (7.5%). Concurrent infections with EHV-2 and EHV-5 were recorded from nine (5.2%) diseased horses. Of the total of 111 clinically healthy equids, EHV-1 and EHV-4 were never detected whereas EHV-2 and EHV-5 were found in 8 (7.2%) and 18 (16.2%) horses, respectively. A significantly higher proportion of EHV-2-infected equids was observed in the respiratory disease group (32/160, 20.0%; P = 0.005) compared to those without disease (8/111; 7.2%). EHV-2-positive equids were three times more likely to display clinical signs of respiratory disease than EHV-2-negative equids (OR 3.22, 95% CI: 1.42-7.28). For EHV-5, the observed difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.166). The phylogenetic analysis of the gB gene revealed that the Ethiopian EHV-2 and EHV-5 strains had a remarkable genetic diversity, with a nucleotide sequence identity among each other that ranged from 94.0 to 99.4% and 95.1 to 100%, respectively. Moreover, the nucleotide sequence identity of EHV-2 and EHV-5 with isolates from other countries acquired from GenBank ranged from 92.9 to 99.1% and 95.1 to 99.5%, respectively. Our results suggest that besides EHV-1 and EHV-4, EHV-2 is likely to be an important contributor either to induce or predispose equids to respiratory disease. However, more work is needed to better understand the contribution of EHV-2 in the establishment of respiratory disease.

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“…Moreover, syncytia were observed upon nucleus staining following infection ( Fig. 1E to G ), a previously described feature of herpesvirus infection in vitro , including infection by equine gammaherpesvirus 2 ( 21 ). To confirm that the CPE was due to the BGHV8 identified by deep sequencing, we designed quantitative PCR (qPCR) primers based on the mRNA contigs from our RNA-seq data set (see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Gammaherpesvirus from a Microbat Cell Line

Shabman

Shrivastava

Tsibane

et al. 2016

mSphere

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Bats are of significant interest as reservoirs for zoonotic viral pathogens; however, tools to dissect bat-virus interactions are limited in availability. This study serendipitously identified, in an established bat cell line, a fully replication-competent gammaherpesvirus; determined the complete genome sequence of the virus; and generated a viral transcript map. This virus can replicate in select human and nonhuman primate cell lines. However, analyses of viral sequences support a bat origin for this virus; we therefore refer to the virus as bat gammaherpesvirus 8 (BGHV8). The viral genome contains unique open reading frames that likely encode modulators of bat innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways and expresses viral miRNAs. The virus and its gene products should provide a unique tool to dissect both bat and gammaherpesvirus biology.

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Genetic diversity of equine gammaherpesviruses (γ-EHV) and isolation of a syncytium forming EHV-2 strain from a horse in Iceland

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses

Prevalence and sequence analysis of equid herpesviruses from the respiratory tract of Polish horses

Detection of Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) -1, -2, -4 and -5 in Ethiopian Equids with and without Respiratory Problems and Genetic Characterization of EHV-2 and EHV-5 Strains

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Gammaherpesvirus from a Microbat Cell Line

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