Genetic diversity of cultured and wild populations of the giant freshwater prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergii(de Man, 1879) based on microsatellite analysis

Abstract

Freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture in the Western Hemisphere is primarily, if not entirely, derived from 36 individual prawns originally introduced to Hawaii from Malaysia in 1965 and 1966. Little information is available regarding genetic variation within and among cultured prawn stocks worldwide. The goal of the current study was to characterize genetic diversity in various prawn populations with emphasis on those cultured in North America. Five microsatellite loci were screened to estimate genetic diversity in two wild (Myanmar and India-wild) and seven cultured (Hawaii-1, Hawaii-2, India-cultured, Israel, Kentucky, Mississippi and Texas) populations. Average allelic richness ranged from 3.96 (Israel) to 20.45 (Myanmar). Average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.580 (Israel) to 0.935 (Myanmar). Many of the cultured populations exhibited reduced genetic diversity when compared with the Myanmar and the India-cultured populations. Significant deficiency in heterozygotes was detected in the India-cultured, Mississippi and Kentucky populations (overall F is estimated of 0.053, 0.067 and 0.108 respectively) reflecting moderate levels of inbreeding. Overall estimate of fixation index (F st = 0.1569) revealed moderately high levels of differentiation among the populations. Outcome of this study provide a baseline assessment of genetic diversity in some available strains that will be useful for the development of breeding programmes.

Genetic diversity of the cultured giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in China based on microsatellite markers

“…The N a for the 8 populations studied here were relatively high, observations that were consistent with published information (Botstein et al, 1980;Xu et al, 2001;Chareontawee et al, 2007), however the H o in our study was low in all populations compared to many published measures of diversity (Chareontawee et al, 2007;Karaket and Poompuang, 2011;Schneider et al, 2012). Further, all H o were less than the H e , deviations that displayed significant heterozygote deficiencies, with F is metrics in 8 populations higher than some previously reported values (Botstein et al, 1980;Karaket and Poompuang, 2011;Schneider et al, 2012). The obviously low genetic diversity of the 8 study populations is a concern.…”

“…), then potentially harmful effects on the genetic make-up of both wild and reared populations could occur (Allendorf and Phelps, 1980;Ryman, 1991;Ward, 2006). In this study, the two wild populations may have been influenced by this cause, leading to genetic diversity levels similar to cultured populations in China, given the low genetic diversity observed compared with previous research (Chareontawee et al, 2007;Karaket and Poompuang, 2011;Schneider et al, 2012).…”

“…Sixteen of these loci showed polymorphisms among Jiangsu, Guangxi and Shanghai populations of GFP. Although many genetic loci are publically available, microsatellite diversity in wild and cultured GFP populations has yet to be widely investigated (Chareontawee et al, 2007;Schneider et al, 2012;Tam and Liem, 2012). In this study, we used microsatellite markers to evaluate genetic diversity within cultured GFP populations.…”

Using microsatellite markers to identify heritability of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…We detected 78 alleles at 10 loci (M1-M10) averaging 7.8 alleles per locus and their sizes were comparable to the findings of Bhassu et al (2008). Variations in the number of alleles have been observed in domesticated penaeid shrimp and freshwater prawn by many different authors; e.g., 2-4 in Penaeus stylirostris (Bierne et al, 2000), 3-7 in P. monodon (Xu et al, 2001), 4 in P. chinensis (Dong et al, 2006), 3-12 in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Bhassu et al, 2008), 3-16 in M. rosenbergii (Divu et al, 2008) and 3-25 in M. rosenbergii (Schneider et al, 2012). The number of alleles observed in our research ranged from 5 to 10 was almost consistent with those generated 3-12 in M. rosenbergii (Bhassu et al, 2008) and 3-16 in M. rosenbergii (Divu et al, 2008), but is relatively higher than those in P. stylirostris (Bierne et al, 2000), P. monodon (Xu et al, 2001) and P. chinensis (Dong et al, 2006).…”

“…For instance, establishment pedigrees and assessment heritabilities are very effective for a breeding scheme that can be performed by using microsatellite markers (Vaseeharan et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2014). In freshwater prawn and marine shrimp, microsatellite markers have been used for studying genetic diversity (Divu et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Schneider et al, 2012;Khan et al, 2014), for monitoring genetic variability in a breeding plan (Cruz et al, 2004), for assigning parentage to progeny (Jerry et al, 2004) and for identifying strain as an alternative to physical tagging (Karaket et al, 2011).…”