Genetic diversity of canine olfactory receptors

Robin, Stéphanie; Tacher, Sandrine; Rimbault, Maud; Vaysse, Amaury; Dreano, Stéphane; André, Catherine; Hitte, Christophe; Galibert, Francis

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-21

Cited by 56 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…These values are clearly above the 0.11 mean value calculated for 1,880 human rodent orthologous gene pairs [27] and similar to the values obtained for medaka and stickleback OR [18]. Although below 1, the theoretical limit between negative and positive evolution trends, the values obtained indicate a tendency for a positive selection favouring OR repertoire diversification as previously noted for other fishes [17, 28] and mammals [29, 30]. However, it is important to note that the different OR pairs behaved very differently.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Inventory of the cichlid olfactory receptor gene repertoires: identification of olfactory genes with more than one coding exon

2014

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BackgroundTo help understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable phenotypic diversity displayed by cichlids, the genome sequences of O. niloticus, P. nyererei, H. burtoni, N. brichardi and M. zebra were recently determined. Here, we present the contents of the olfactory receptor (OR) repertoires in the genomes of these five fishes.ResultsWe performed an exhaustive TBLASTN search of the five cichlid genomes to identify their OR repertoires as completely as possible. We used as bait a set of ORs described in the literature. The cichlid repertoires thereby extracted contained large numbers of complete genes (O. niloticus 158; H. burtoni 90; M. zebra 102; N. brichardi 69; P. nyererei 88), a small numbers of pseudogenes and many “edge genes” corresponding to incomplete genes located at the ends of contigs. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and showed these repertoires include a large number of families and subfamilies. It also allowed the identification of a large number of OR analogues between cichlids with very high amino-acid identity (≥99%). Nearly 9% of the full-length cichlid OR genes are composed of several coding exons. This is very unusual for vertebrate OR genes. Nevertheless, the evidence is strong, and includes the donor and acceptor splice junction sequences; also, the positions of these genes in the phylogenetic tree indicate that they constitute subfamilies well apart from non-OR G protein-coupled receptor families.ConclusionsCichlid OR repertoires are made up of a larger number of genes and fewer pseudogenes than those in other teleosts except zebrafish. These ORs share all identified properties common to all fish ORs; however, the large number of families and subfamilies, each containing few ORs implies that they have evolved more rapidly. This high level of OR diversity is consistent with the substantial phenotypic diversity that characterizes cichlids.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-586) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Inventory of the cichlid olfactory receptor gene repertoires: identification of olfactory genes with more than one coding exon

2014

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“…However, the distinction between pseudogenes and potentially active genes is not strictly defined: for example, a particular gene may exist as either a pseudogene or a potentially active gene, depending upon the population or the individual, as shown for dogs [7] and for humans [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA profiles of rat olfactory epithelia: individual and age related variations

et al. 2009

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BackgroundMammalian genomes contain a large number (~1000) of olfactory receptor (OR) genes, many of which (20 to 50%) are pseudogenes. OR gene transcription is not restricted to the olfactory epithelium, but is found in numerous tissues. Using microarray hybridization and RTqPCR, we analyzed the mRNA profiles of the olfactory epithelium of male and female Brown Norway rats of different origins and ages (newborn, adult and old).Results(1) We observed very little difference between males and females and between rats from two different suppliers. (2) Different OR genes were expressed at varying levels, rather than uniformly across the four endoturbinates. (3) A large proportion of the gene transcripts (2/3 of all probes) were detected in all three age groups. Adult and older rats expressed similar numbers of OR genes, both expressing more OR genes than newborns. (4) Comparisons of whole transcriptomes or transcription profiles of expressed OR genes only showed a clear clustering of the samples as a function of age. (5) Most OR genes were expressed at lower levels at birth than in older animals, but a small number of OR genes were expressed specifically or were overexpressed in newborns.ConclusionNot all OR genes are expressed at a detectable level. Pups expressed fewer OR genes than adult rats, and generally at a lower level; however, a small subset of OR genes were more strongly expressed in these newborn rats. The reasons for these differences are not understood. However, the specific expression of some OR genes in newborn olfactory epithelia may be related to the blindness and deafness of pups at birth, when these pups are heavily reliant on olfaction and their mother.

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“…ORs are seven transmembrane domain G-protein-coupled receptors, which are encoded by a large multigene family. OR genes constitute the largest mammalian gene family, with several hundred genes in the human genome and up to 1550 in the rat genome Robin et al 2009). They are expressed not only in the sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium, but also in various other tissues where their potential functions are largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential gene expression by chrysotile in human bronchial epithelial cells

Seo

Lee

2012

Animal Cells and Systems

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Asbestos exposure has been known to contribute to several lung diseases named asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, but the disease-related molecular and cellular mechanisms are still largely unknown. To examine the effects of asbestos exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells at gene level, the global gene expression profile was analyzed following chrysotile treatment. The microarray results revealed differential gene expression in response to chrysotile treatment. The genes up-and down-regulated by chrysotile were mainly involved in processes including metabolism, signal transduction, transport, development, transcription, immune response, and other functions. The differential gene expression profiles could provide clues that might be used to understand the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in chrysotile-related diseases.

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Genetic diversity of canine olfactory receptors

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Inventory of the cichlid olfactory receptor gene repertoires: identification of olfactory genes with more than one coding exon

Inventory of the cichlid olfactory receptor gene repertoires: identification of olfactory genes with more than one coding exon

RNA profiles of rat olfactory epithelia: individual and age related variations

Differential gene expression by chrysotile in human bronchial epithelial cells

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